All is rising and radiance, manifestation and light, for the Sun of Truth is sanctified above rising and setting. This rising and setting pertaineth to the world of creation, not to the Truth.
Transcendence and the unknowability of God
transcendence; unknowability of God
Editorial introduction
To say that God cannot be known sounds at first like a closed door, yet Bahá’u’lláh treats it as the beginning of every real approach to the divine. The Essence of God, He teaches, is beyond number and direction, beyond rising and setting, beyond the farthest flight of the heart; whatever a mind manages to picture is a creature of that mind and not its Creator. The journey begins by admitting this, and then discovering how much remains open: the signs scattered through creation, the names and attributes by which God permits Himself to be praised, and the Manifestation, the mirror in which the sun appears without descending into it. The question deepens as it travels. A mineral cannot conceive of sight, so how far can the lower reach toward the higher? What can language carry before it meets its limit? And when praise itself confesses that it falls short, why does the longing to pray only grow stronger? Humility before an unsearchable God turns out to be a form of nearness, and a reason for service.
Selected passages
Description of His holy Essence is impossible, for naught existeth beside Him. He hath not charged any soul with the knowledge of His innermost Essence, by reason of His utter separation from all existence. None hath known Him, for none existeth in His presence. … He who claimeth to know His innermost Essence is an infidel, for it is impossible for creation to know Him.
He is the One Who cannot be described by firstness or lastness, by outwardness or inwardness, for all these were created in His court of might and brought into being by a word from His presence. He is the One Who hath taken unto Himself no likeness, no partner, no peer, no similitude, and no offspring. Verily, He is God; there is no God but Him. He hath ever been, and there was naught else beside Him.
The oneness of God, exalted and mighty be He, is sanctified above the geometry of letters. He has been and ever will be established upon the throne of unity, and His oneness is purified from all numbers.
All directions and quarters belong to the realm of place, but the Abha Kingdom is sanctified above directions. All rising points exist in the contingent world, but that eternal realm exists in the placeless realm. Every region and kingdom is bounded, but that enduring kingdom is abstract and distinct.
The abode of bounty is most excellent and desirable, and the Ka'bah of purpose is sanctified from all directions and from despair and hope. It is utterly bare and pure of nearness and union, remoteness and separation.
God knows the unseen of the heavens and earth and that wherein you differ. He will judge between all with justice and God wrongs not a soul even by an atom's weight.
When the ethereal force undulates, light appears in the world. Though its essence remains veiled, yet its waves are known. [In like manner] burning, sighing, and lamentation are plain and manifest, but the reality of love is concealed.
And yet that pure Essence of Divinity is sanctified from and exalted above both these conceptions. In His holy court neither similitudes of reality nor comparisons of transcendence can find admittance.
Their difference is in Its attributes and perfections - that the philosophers do not believe that spiritual force and absolute perfection, while the Prophets explain the powerlessness of created things to comprehend the essence of the Divine Being, that that Ancient Reality cannot be limited by the perceptions of the contingent world, and they do not consider people's lack of sensation as evidence for the absence of the absolute perfections of the Necessary Being.
In its outward linguistic sense, the Unseen is that which is veiled from sight. In its inward sense, we sometimes express it as the Unseen of the unseen, the countenance of the Beloved, the Most Great Mystery and the Most Hidden Symbol, the Divine Reality and the Eternal Essence, Who has ever been alone in His Being and unique in His attributes, and will forever remain as He has been, exalted above mention and utterance and above whatsoever the people of mystical knowledge may speak. In this station, He knows Himself by Himself, and none other knows Him.
And as to what thou didst mention concerning the Unseen and the knowledge of the Prophets, there hath been and is no doubt that knowledge of the Unseen is exclusively reserved to the Ancient Being, glorified be His majesty, and all the Prophets unanimously acknowledge this fact. "None knoweth the Unseen save He" is established and proven. Likewise the blessed verse "No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision," for the impenetrable Unseen hath been and ever shall be hidden, and outward vision is powerless and incapable of beholding and comprehending it.
Due to the weakness of the servants, the station of this Revelation hath not been fully described save according to their capacity. "They have not estimated God according to His true measure."
The people of metaphor have imagined and described the Divine Reality in such a way that it must be completely forgotten. Their conception is pure imagination.
Today the sovereign of fire and light exists - whatever appears in these two stations is by the will of the Sovereign of Manifestation, which is the Divine Knowledge. All things become known through knowledge, and no soul has ever known or will ever know that invisible Essence. He says: "Whoever asks about Unity is ignorant, and whoever answers about it is a misbeliever."
Know that Truth is eternal and contingent beings are created. Truth is too exalted to descend to the realm of possibility, and possibility is prevented from ascending to eternity.
… He is above all things -- hidden by the mystery, veiled by the secret, secreted within the secret -- and naught availeth for the knowledge of Him but the secret.
Al-'Ama' in the language means a very light and subtle cloud that is seen and unseen. If you gaze with utmost care you find something, but as soon as you look, it cannot be seen. That is why, in the tradition of the investigators, by Al-'Ama' they mean the Universal Reality with no specifications, for specifications exist in the mode of simplicity and unity and are not distinguished from the essence. So it is both specified and unspecified, and this station is described as Divine Oneness and Al-'Ama', and it is the station of the Hidden Treasure mentioned in the Hadith.
Therefore the meaning of Knowing in this noble Tradition is not and never has been the knowledge of the true nature of the Absolute for that is beyond the province of Possible Being. Rather it is the knowledge of the traces and effulgences of that Most Holy and Forbidden Mystery. For however much detached minds and pure souls seek to penetrate the worlds of Inner Knowledge, their understanding will never penetrate more than that station which is a sign pointing towards the Monarch of Primal Oneness which He has placed as a trust within the reality of man. And however much they may fly with triumphant wings in the limitless space of what is knowable and observable, they will read naught but the letters of the book of their own selves.
We shall make brief mention of these spiritual stations, namely that the Unseen of Divinity and the Single Essence, in Its station of transcendence above all names and attributes comprehensible to human realities, is an impenetrable Mystery that cannot be known, and a pure Being that cannot be described. The path is barred and the quest rejected. His signs are His proof and His existence His evidence.
Every definition is inadequate and every depiction useless even such terms as the "invisible of the Invisibles" and the "Indescribable Essence".
All the attributes referrable to God, such as Omnipotent, Omniscient, Merciful are only qualifying attributes. They are only attributes negating imperfections in the essence of God. Otherwise God being the Unnamable, we cannot refer to Him with any special names. Even the word "God" is after all a word which brings to our consciousness the realization of that Unfathomable, Absolute Something.
Glorified, glorified is He! I neither describe Him nor thank Him, neither know Him nor praise Him. Even if my words after negation establish the station of description, nay, by the might of Him Who hath no way unto anything - I intended naught in negation save negation itself, and naught in mention save powerlessness.
For He is too glorious to be wrathful through His supreme essence, with which nothing can be associated and unto which nothing can ascend. He hath ever been such that nothing comprehendeth Him while He comprehendeth all things, and He is the All-Powerful, the Most Great, the Compelling.
For His Essential Being is pure, primordial simplicity, which by its very essence severs all from the mention of knowledge. And the manifestation of His Essence is eternal effulgence which by its very nature separates all contingent things from the station of utterance.
God cannot be described as being elevated above anything or established upon anything, for what was revealed in the Book from the Loving Friend regarding "He is established upon the throne" meant nothing by "throne" except His knowledge and power, which is His very Self and none other.
Praise be to God Who, through the sanctity of His Self-Subsistence, transcends the description of essences and their like. And praise be to God Who, through the uniqueness of His eternity, stands alone beyond the attributes of beings and their equivalents. And praise be to God Who, through the grandeur of His holiness, is exalted above the mention of entities and their correlates. Exalted be His station above my saying "He is He," for He is as He is in the might of His Identity and the majesty of His Oneness. Through His Essence, He severs all created things from mentioning knowledge of the Essence in the dawning of the manifestation of the Presence of the Essence, and disperses all contingent beings from mention of the stations of attributes in the depths of the mysteries of the sphere of names and attributes.
Whosoever says "He is He" limits himself and transgresses beyond the mystery of his origin, associating with His Essence the effects of his own self, and establishes, by God's leave, a likeness for Him Who has no likeness in the rank of creation in His Entity. And if I say that the Essence in itself severs all indications and is beyond the jurisdiction of names and attributes, my very mention of the Essence belies me, for by attributing description to Him and naming Him, and by asserting that the existence of creation is His transcendence, I have claimed mention from the court of His nearness and established in myself an example of His sign of eternality and a manifestation of His holy appearance.
So glorified and exalted, supreme and lofty is His Essence that none can ascend to Him on the highest wings of hearts and imagination. His Identity is too great for anyone to indicate Him in the kingdom of Command and the manifestation of abstractions through the most subtle possible allusions. Whoever claims [to know His unity has in that moment made himself a partner before the holy valley of His oneness, and whoever claims knowledge of His Entity has indeed been ignorant and has strayed from] knowledge of his own self and transgressed beyond the station of his limits, seeking the decree of impossibility in his mind while heedless of the station of the mystery of eternity in His Essence. For created things, as they are in their reality, indicate only severance, speak only of prevention, utter only despair, and point only to powerlessness. So glory be to God, their Creator, Lord of the heavens and earth, above the description of all things.
From it all things were fashioned, through it all things were called into being, upon it all things were founded, and within it all things found their establishment. Through it was the Divine Will brought into being before the mention of thingness, and in it was Lordship made manifest and all servitude made firm. It is neither of the eternal East nor of the non-existent West. It came into being through its own essence, not from any creation before it, and was endowed with its identity without any invention to rival it.
Say: God is the First, with no first before Him, and He is the Originator of the first ones. Say: God is the Last, with no last after Him, and He is the Creator of the last ones. Say: God is the Outward, naught is remembered with Him, and He is the Manifester of the manifest ones. Say: God is the Inward, naught shall be remembered with Him, and He is the Concealer of the hidden ones.
… Say: God is independent of you and of what ye do, and ye are servants of God, prostrating yourselves before Him by night and by day. This is of God's grace and mercy, that ye may be thankful. Were God not to command you, how could ye prostrate yourselves before Him?
How can I praise Thee, O my Beloved, when verily praise itself testifieth to its evanescence before the exaltation of Thy holiness and the transcendence of Thy might? And how can I not praise Thee when my heart findeth no rest except in Thy remembrance and praise?
… Whatsoever thou hast known of God, thy Lord, sanctify Him above thy knowledge. Whatsoever thou hast unified regarding God, thy Lord, exalt Him above thy unification. Whatsoever thou hast described of God, thy Lord, glorify Him above thy description. Whatsoever thou hast attributed to God, thy Creator, magnify Him above thine attribution. Whatsoever praise thou hast offered to God, thy Fashioner, uniquify Him above thy praise.
If He is mentioned by the letters "Ha" and "Waw" [huwa], this is among the wondrous favors He hath bestowed upon His creation, having permitted them this as a token of His generosity and grace. Otherwise, how can mere verbal expressions compare with that station which transcendeth all meaning and utterance? Exalted is the All-Merciful above the mention of every mentioner, the description of every describer, and the praise of every praiser.
At times I hear from the Tongue of Grandeur that "I am the All-Knowing," and at other times that "I have been sanctified from it from time immemorial." Sometimes He proclaimeth with the most exalted call that "With Me is the knowledge of the heavens and earth," and at other times He calleth out and saith "With Me is naught save the knowledge of Mine own Self, and I am the Mighty, the All-Knowing."
Though He hath ever been and will forever remain sanctified from all directions, and though He hath attributed Himself to the Hijaz, or to Iraq, or other places, this is but in consideration of the understanding of created things within the bounds of contingent being; else He is and hath ever been the Creator of all and sanctified above all.
If I mention Him as the Known, this is but an attribute for His servants, and if I describe Him as the Self-Subsisting, this is but a mention from His creation.
Exalted, exalted is He above being mentioned by any name or described by anything besides Him, above what the tongue mentions in praise and description.
By God! The Pen confesseth its powerlessness and the tongue its extinction. There is none possessed of being save he hath confessed his limitation, nor any wielder of authority save in his bewilderment and inability to reach. Exalted, exalted be He Whom if thou describest, thou limitest, and if thou leavest undescribed, thou fallest short of that which thou art commanded.
Say: Verily He is in His Essence independent of all that hath been created in the heavens and on earth, though His names seek existence.
God is pure Essence, and cannot be said to be anywhere or in any place.
God is infinite, and as terms are finite the nature of God cannot be expressed in terms; but as man desires to express God in some way, he calls God "Love" and "Truth," because these are the highest things he knows.
The mineral and vegetable kingdoms are unaware of the human and animal realms and can never conceive of them. Is it possible for mineral and vegetable to comprehend the reality of hearing and sight? God forbid! And yet all these are within the realm of creation. How then can a contingent being comprehend the Ancient Reality? The utmost that man can do is to comprehend the divine signs and traces.
It is clear and evident that the pre-existent cannot become temporal nor the temporal pre-existent. Transformation of essence is impossible and inconceivable.
It is given to man to obtain knowledge, to attain to great spiritual perfection, to discover hidden truths and to manifest even the attributes of God; but still man cannot comprehend the Essence of God.
If we say that the Trinity was originally one and was later divided, change and transformation will be necessarily applied to the Essence of Oneness, and change and transformation are necessities of the contingent world and not of the Essence of Divinity.
None hath understood His oneness save His Own Self, and none hath known Him except His Own Being. … When the doors of attainment unto His Eternal Essence were closed, and the wings of understanding were prevented from soaring into the kingdom of His command, He sent forth the Messengers from His presence and revealed unto them the Books from His side, and made their knowledge the knowledge of His Self.
Therefore know, O my brother, that I have interpreted all verses and signs, all revealed Books and established Scriptures, and all recorded and descended Psalms, for We have previously demonstrated and proven that all thou beholdest in the heavens and earth is naught but the manifestations of God's Name, the appearances of His attributes, the expressions of His sovereignty and the emergence of His power. For the Essence in its essence will never be manifested unto anything, nor comprehended by anything, nor known through anything - it hath ever been independent of the comprehension of its creation and exalted above the recognition of its servants. For it is an impregnable, inaccessible Mystery, transcendent, elevated, sublime, sanctified beyond recognition and free from description and exposition. The hands of the sanctified ones fall short of attaining unto the knowledge of His Essence, and the feet of the mystics stumble in their attempt to comprehend His Reality. When the door of knowledge of the Essence was thus closed to the servants, He opened for them the gates of Names.
When cognizance of the Divine Essence was barred to the faces of all created things, and the feet of the mystics faltered in their attempt to comprehend Its reality, He, in completion of His grace and in fulfillment of His favor and mercy, opened unto them the gates of Names and Attributes. He ordained that whoso desireth to know Him should turn his gaze upon the Manifestations of His Attributes in the vestures of His Names, for when the Essence appeareth, It ceaseth to be Essence, and this designation can no longer be applied to It, inasmuch as while concealed in the Treasury of the Unseen, It is referred to as the Essence. Yet even with this description, It is described as that which cannot be known save through Itself, cannot be described except by Itself, and cannot be comprehended save by Itself. And when there appeareth from It a revelation or attribute, it entereth and returneth into the kingdom of Names and Attributes, even as hath been attested by that which hath been sent down from the Throne of Glory: "I was in My Ancient Essence and the Eternity of My Being, I knew My love in thee, wherefore I created thee, cast upon thee My likeness, and manifested unto thee My beauty." And this likeness and beauty appeared only through the revelation of the Presence of the Essence in the mirrors of Names and Attributes, even as We have detailed its decree aforetime.
And verily now, O My brother, I have mentioned and cast upon thee all the stations of Names in the dawning-places of Attributes, and whatsoever pertaineth thereto and terminateth therein, with most perfect and eloquent expression and most sublime and impregnable exposition. When all that We have indicated unto thee of the subtleties of the Divine Realm and the mysteries of the Celestial Domain is established, it shall be proven that I have interpreted for thee all meanings and explanations, and whatsoever can be designated by name or trace, mention or description, manifestation or concealment, and all that floweth upon the tongue and can be expressed in speech. Notwithstanding all this, by Him Who holdeth my soul in His hand, I possess treasures of meaning in these divine letters, yet I am unable to let fall a single drop from this Ocean of Oneness and this surging Sea of Eternality. It is as though I have not interpreted it by a single letter in the melody which God hath taught me from the songs of the birds of glory in the pavilions of eternity. By God! Were I to mention but a sprinkling of the meanings which God hath deposited therein, the servants would not be able to bear it, nay, they would fall senseless in that very moment. And since the matter is thus, be content with what I have been pleased to bestow upon thee and have cast upon thee of the gems of knowledge and wisdom. Then beseech God, thy Lord, that He may inspire thee with all meanings and explanations in a single letter of His Names, for verily He is the All-Powerful over all things and the Most Exalted above all things. He expendeth as He pleaseth and giveth as He willeth.
Know ye that the Truth, exalted be His mention, has been and will ever be sanctified above the worship, servitude and remembrance of His servants, for none among created things has had or will have the capacity or ability to know Him as He should be known. The possible can soar as it may in the atmospheres of nearness, reunion, attainment and immortality, yet it can never transcend the point of contingent existence which was created by the Will that pertains to the realm of possibility.
The King Who doeth what He willeth has, in the eternity of eternities, dwelt in the loftiness of His glory and the utmost heights of His beauty. And since all paths to Him were blocked and cut off from all besides Him, He did, through pure bounty and sheer grace, kindness and favor, raise up in every age and epoch a Soul to guide His servants from the valley of heedlessness and passion to the heights of glory and eternity, and to lead them from the realm of poverty and nothingness to the heaven of wealth and existence, that perchance these holy birds might be drawn to their divine homeland, and being sanctified from selfish and earthly allusions, might gather in the shade of the Countenance of God and abide forevermore in the eternity of God.
In all ages and epochs some among His servants have claimed these stations, yet never has mere assertion been accepted. Hence tests and trials have ever descended from the heaven of power that the true might be distinguished from the false. Consider how all these people claim the love of God, which is the greatest, foremost and most precedent of all things, yet even before trials descend they turn away in deed -- how much more after afflictions, ordeals, calamities and tribulations! Reflect on what I say, O ye who are endowed with insight!
The True One, exalted be His mention, has ever been and shall ever be sanctified above manifestation and appearance - an unknowable Mystery, an imperceptible Concealment, an unmanifested Inner Reality, an unhidden Treasure, and an unwitnessed Secret. For the term "mystery" applies only when something is not witnessed; in such case it is not manifest that it might be known. And after witnessing, the term "mystery" no longer exists that it might be understood. Therefore the Mystery has been and shall ever be unknowable.
He is the One Who cannot be known except through Himself, and Who needeth not the testimony of scriptures, books, and tablets to prove His Cause.
He hath come Who was named Jehovah in the Torah, the Spirit of Truth in the Gospel, and the Great Announcement in the Qur'an. Through Him was revealed that which lay hidden in the knowledge of God, and that which was recorded in the scriptures of old was made manifest, and the Countenance of the All-Merciful spoke forth from the Throne of Utterance: "Verily, He shall not be known through My attributes nor through that which was mentioned in the Bayan."
Cast off the garment of blind imitation from the temple of detachment, lest the lights of the Beauty of Divine Unity remain veiled by the covering of limitation, and the Cause of God - which hath ever been sanctified above the comprehension of the learned - be sullied by the allusions of the heedless. Enter the sanctuary of "Know God through God" and the station of "He cannot be comprehended through aught else."
Say: Verily He cannot be limited by any limit and cannot be veiled by any veil. He manifesteth as He pleaseth, and verily He is the Unconstrained, the Powerful, the Wise. Nothing can prevent Him from His Command and His sovereignty, and the schemes of the schemers and the might of monarchs cannot frustrate Him. Those who would limit God's Manifestation by a command or a sign or by what they possess of satanic imaginings - these have turned away from the Truth and disbelieved in the verses of the All-Merciful and are in manifest error.
Through him appeared existence and rose the Beauty of the Worshipped One, and the pure Oneness was bounded by the ornament of a known name, that people might be enabled to draw nigh unto Him - and this verily is a manifest bounty, for were He to appear as He truly is, none would be able to draw nigh unto Him or behold Him or learn from Him the knowledge of what was and what shall be.
He cannot be known through aught else beside Him nor can He be comprehended through anything other than Himself. And despite His manifestation in all things, He hath ever been sanctified above them and exalted beyond that which the people of mystical knowledge have uttered.
And when thou ascendest beyond this station and passeth on to another station, thou shalt be unable to establish for Him any mention or deny from Him any description, for in that station eyes shall not attain unto Him, thoughts shall not reach Him, minds and visions shall not comprehend Him. Thus hath the matter been decreed.
For this is the Day whereon God hath manifested Himself with all names unto all things. Whoso turneth unto Him--from him shall appear the evidences of his Lord, the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.
Even if but a single word appear in a single moment, it is not and never shall be bounded by temporal limitations, for a single word shining forth in less than a moment from the Mouth of the Will of the King of Oneness manifests its radiance, its decree and its revelation clearly and evidently in all worlds, and like an artery in a body, it appears and moves through all times from the beginning that hath no beginning to the end that hath no end.
When creation witnessed its blindness, He took for Himself a name from among names that this limited people might know Him by it, else He, exalted be He, is sanctified from being known by any name or described by any attribute. All names are but creation in His kingdom and all attributes are but signs of that which is created.
Otherwise, Hath He any equal to be recognised by, or any peer to be praised by, or any like to be likened unto, or any associate to be associated with, or any simile to be resembled to? Glorified then Be God above such claims, a most mighty glorification! For naught is seen in Him but God, while We all verily adore Him.
… Otherwise, My Essence is sanctified above any firstness or lastness, and it is exalted beyond any manifestation or concealment.
I testify that God hath ever been and will ever be too exalted to be a treasure unto any of His creation. However, since God hath created all things for His knowledge and worship, He hath opened for them a path in creation beyond which nothing is possible in invention, and hath made Him Whom God shall make manifest the Sun of Truth, purified from all that is attributed unto Him.
… I testify that the Divine Essence is an inaccessible mystery that none save Him can know, and when thou desirest to know Him, know Him through His Manifestation in every Revelation, for no other way is possible in the contingent world.
And in one station, all that hath been or will be mentioned returneth unto the First Mention, for the Truth, glorified and exalted be He, is an impenetrable Mystery that cannot be comprehended. In this station, He was and ever shall be sanctified beyond all mentions and names, and exalted above the understanding of all created things. The way is barred and the quest forbidden.
The true believer in divine unity is one who sees all things as manifestations of God's primal sign, and beholds in all things the expressions of His names and attributes, while seeing that sign as sanctified above all things and sovereign over all things - how much more so the Truth Himself, exalted is He above being associated with His creation or known through aught else. … All exists through Him and subsists by Him, while He is sanctified and exalted above all. There is no God but Him, the Self-Sufficient, the Most High.
And this is mentioned according to the capacity of the people of the earth, otherwise the Sun of Truth is sanctified above what hath been mentioned and what will be mentioned.
Thus will you behold the Truth as One, Mighty and Self-Subsisting, and all else as existing through Him and sustained by Him. This is the Sun of true Divine Unity that has dawned from the horizon of the Divine Pen.
The truth, however, is that the reality of that sanctified Essence can in no wise descend into the realm of creation. For Him there is no egress or regress, no descent or dissolution, no composition or commingling; only infinite transcendence. He is even as the sun whose rays shine upon all earthly beings. All things are invigorated and made visible by Him, and reflect His light, whilst He remaineth, in the heights of holiness, exalted above and sanctified beyond all conditions, determinations, and distinctions, even beyond the very comprehension of His creatures.
Through it God created all beings, and it ever speaks only of itself and indicates naught but its own identity. God has no sign in creation that points to His Essence, for His Being separates all beings from knowledge of Him, and His Identity prevents all identities from description. The relation of the Will to Him is like the relation of the House to God - it is a relation bestowing honor upon creation, not unto the Essence, for He is sanctified above the mention of allusions, relations, indications, signs, stations, effulgences and fragrances attributed to Him.
Exalted is He above any association of eternity with origination! We testify that the very eternity comprehended by those drawn nigh and the sincere ones is itself originated in His presence. He has ever been sanctified beyond mention of eternity or origination, and He is holy beyond mention and description.
All things are like unto His handiwork and are dependent upon Him. We refer to Him as Self-Existent because we need to make use of a term but we do not mean that that Being can be contained within our comprehension. What is intended is the Reality from Whom all things emanate, the Reality through Whom all things exist.
God said: I was a hidden treasure and desired to be known, therefore, I created the universe. I created it not out of nothingness but through self-emanation; my breath became creative word of command, logos (see Evangile of John, introduction), which resulted in form and figure.
The freethinkers of all periods and from all peoples want to make of God, the Creator, an impersonal Cause, an unmoving Primal Cause of all existence, an eternal pole in the flight of earthly appearances. This is falsely conceived, God is above all the freely acting, almighty, omnipresent Creator, the eternal pole around which, according to His decree, the ephemeral flight of earthly appearances revolves, comes or vanishes.
Diminish not the greatness of God, nor construe from Our verses aught save the ordinance of servitude. And behold the judgment of 'Ali -- upon him be peace -- addressed unto his son Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah: that from the very atoms of the mountain God hath ordained the life of the denizens of earth, of sea, and of air.
For if any likeness were to be seen for the Ancient Being and the Dawning Place of the Most Great Name, such a truth would be like creation and ever remain so.
O divine friends and maidservants of the All-Merciful! All names, attributes and qualities that fall within human comprehension are mere conception, imagination and fancy. Thought precedes comprehensive expressions. "Whatever you have distinguished with your imaginations in your most subtle reasoning is but a creation like yourselves, returning unto yourselves."
O thou who lovest Baha! When the light of truth shone forth from the lamp of oneness, lover and beloved embraced, and the decree of oneness became so penetrating and decisive that you would say there was no lover, only the beloved, or no beloved, only the lover. Names and attributes, distinctions and determinations, relations and connections were all qualities of the Essence in the most noble manner, in perfect simplicity and unity.
The iron was first heated by being put onto the fire. It becomes hot. It was black; it becomes red like the fire. It was solid; it becomes liquid, fluid. These are the qualities of the fire. When the qualities of the fire become manifest in the iron, the iron will assume the very form and likeness of the fire. Likewise the reality of man when he forgets himself, and the Divine names and attributes become manifest in him, then he will become the very image of God.
When we pray to God, a feeling fills our heart; this feeling is the language of the spirit which speaks to God. When in prayer we are detached from all outward things save God, then it is as if in our hearts we heard the voice of God. Without words, we speak, we communicate, we talk with God, and hear the answer.
It is evident that the divine nearness is an unlimited nearness, be it in this world or the next one. This is a nearness which is sanctified from the comprehension of the minds. The more a man seeketh light from the Sun of Truth, the nearer he will draw. For instance, a clear body is near unto the sun, and a black stone is far from the sun.
Furthermore, the attainment of absolute perfection for a human being is impossible; thus, however much he may progress he is still imperfect and has above him a point higher than himself. And the instant he sees this point he will not be satisfied with himself. It is for this reason that when someone called Christ 'Good Master', He replied that there is only One who is good and that is God.
There are three types of freedom.
There is a divine freedom, and this is peculiar unto the Essence of the Creator; for He is absolutely free. In no respect, nor in any of His modes or attributes, can any soul constrain Him.
But as man must form and express a conception of God in some way, he calls God "Love" or "truth", because these are the highest things he knows. Life is eternal, so man, to express God's infinity, says: "God is life." But these things in themselves are not God.
The God of Persia is the God of France, of Turkey, of Italy, etc. He is One and the same, so in loving Him we are united.
In my presence proximity and remoteness which are the accidents of this contingent world have no significance whatever because the gracious outpourings of Placeless Realm of Singleness encompass us at all times.
Where is there a treasure that could fit into the conception of His essence? Like unto Him, He is sanctified above unity and multiplicity, absoluteness and limitation, composition and simplicity. All these are attributes of His lowliest creation.
Some have imagined that their purpose was to found temples and churches or to establish a new nation or to gain personal fame and that for these considerations they accepted severe degradation and became targets for the arrow of fate. These are idle fancies because those holy Beings knew well that the dominion of God existed when there was no trace of them and that it shall continue to exist when no trace of them remains.
The stars of all thoughts and the constellations of apparent opinions will ultimately set, but the Sun of Reality will have endless radiance from the eternal horizon and will remain firm and established, with neither descent nor setting.
You had apologized that your tongue was dull and your expression weak, whereas from souls attracted to the Most Glorious Kingdom, a single letter is a book, a gleam is a radiance, a drop is an ocean, an atom is a sun.
In all conditions, the fair-minded observe themselves to be powerless and wanting. Yet this hath yielded one great blessing, namely that the Intended One hath accepted these expressions of powerlessness and confession of shortcoming, and hath reckoned them as worship. This bounty itself requireth a hundred thousand million thanks.
As to your expression of inability to adequately praise and glorify God - this very admission of powerlessness is itself a perfect praise and an acceptable mention.
Seek not to rely upon anyone in thy recognition of the Truth, for that Essence of eternity hath never been and shall never be known except through Itself. It hath never depended upon the acceptance or rejection of anyone. Its proof hath been Its Own Self, and Its evidence that which It hath revealed through Its grace.
No praise can attain unto this station, for all praise is bounded by the limitations of souls, while this station is exalted above all mention and description, and in its primary aspect and supreme state is sanctified from all enumeration.
The Incomparable Lord is sanctified and exalted above all limitation and description. Duality cannot describe the One, nor can mention suffice except through His confirmations.
He is the Single One Who cannot be numbered, the Knower Who cannot be known, the Cognizant Who cannot be recognized, the Powerful One Whose power cannot be measured, the One Who reaches where none can reach. None in the heavens or the earth or what lies between them or beneath them can attain to knowledge of Him.
Say: Your belief profiteth Him not, nor doth your denial harm Him. Whatsoever appeareth from you returneth unto yourselves, while He, at His most exalted station, through His name the All-Knowing, hath ever been sanctified above the worlds.
Whatsoever proceedeth from God, glorified be His majesty, hath been and shall ever be beloved by the sincere ones and those drawn nigh. No friend would ever exchange the actions of his friend for all the world - how much less that which proceedeth from God, exalted be His glory and greatness! Were He to decree existence for that which hath no existence, or were He to apply the law of evanescence to that which endureth, none hath the right to say "why" or "wherefore."
The Will of God hath never been subject to the will of another, nor shall His Purpose ever be dependent upon the intention of the peoples of the world. Had the will of the Seal of the Prophets - may the spirit of all else be sacrificed for His sake - been subject to the will of the people of His age, He would not have been afflicted with curses, abuse, tribulations and hardships. And had Christ heeded the words of Herod, that which came to pass would not have transpired. Hast thou not heard His saying: "My thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways My ways"?
Some souls who imagined themselves seated upon the cushions of steadfastness were deprived of the Truth merely at the mention of a name from among names. Say: O people! All names have been and are created by a Word. What fruit did the adherence of the former people to names yield? Night and day they were occupied with the mention of names, heedless and debarred from the Truth.
God has never had and will never have any relation or connection with anyone. Whoever turns to Him is counted as being of Him, and apart from that has been and will be unmentioned.
As to them that have joined partners with Thee, and have asserted any relationship between Thy creation and Thyself, they have failed to recognize Thee and attain to Thy knowledge. They, amongst all created things, are the farthest removed from Thee and the most ignorant in Thine estimation. Too exalted art Thou to be associated with anything but Thyself, or to be mentioned with a remembrance other than Thine. From everlasting Thou hast been alone with no one else beside Thee, and to everlasting Thou wilt continue to be one and the same.
All that exists in the universe, O my God, is bound by limitations and constraints, even the concept of absoluteness itself, and Thou art exalted above this, even were it the greatest that could be conceived in the world of being. Transcendence is but an aspect of Thy servants' worship, sanctification a characteristic of Thy bondsmen, and similitude a reality born of Thy creation's thoughts - yet Thou art free from all of this and exempt from all that the most subtle perceptions of Thy most distinguished chosen ones can attain in the heights of grandeur and majesty.
Speech itself is deficiency and writing proves ignorance in this difficult matter. The tongue is an instrument composed of elements of sound, and speech is an accident among accidents through a material instrument and accidental sound. How can one utter praise and glorification of the Incomparable Lord?
O my God! How can I make mention of Thee, utter Thy praise, speak of Thy attributes and glories, when my remembrance and praise are but voices raised from lips preoccupied with mention of aught else but Thee, proceeding from a heart distracted by concerns that have kept it from Thy beauty and engaged it with other than Thee? How can such remembrance ascend to the heaven of Thy glorious oneness, or reach the court of Thy divine holiness?
Yet, by Thy glory, I have not known separation from Thee that I should seek nearness and reunion with Thee, nor have I witnessed separation from Thee that I should desire union and meeting with Thee. What then can be my thought of Thee, O my God, and what can be the concern of Thy servants toward Thee, O my Beloved, for Thou art established above all things and abiding over all things?
Glorified art Thou beyond being described by what is possible or impossible! Rather, this is from what Thou hast specifically bestowed upon me, having made me the root of that Tree and all that returns unto it in its beginning and its end, demonstrating that Thou art [exalted] above its praise and transcendent above its knowledge.
And I, O my God, am he who hath not limited Thy manifestation by the limitations of myself nor by the indication of any existent thing, for I am certain that Thou canst not be indicated by any indication, nor limited by any limitation, for limitations are the attribute of Thy creation, while Thou hast ever been sanctified above the knowledge of every knowing one, and none can encompass Thy knowledge save Thyself.
And I witness that all essences are thunderstruck before the dawning of the manifestation of Thy lights, and all attributes are consumed by the fire of Thy might and power. Yet withal, how can I cling to any of that or hold fast to any such matter?
Therefore I beseech Thee, O my God, that Thou make me sanctified above all that is known and said, and all that is understood through words, until I know Thy Self through Thy Self, and behold Thy beauty through Thine own vision, and Thy majesty through Thine own sight.
For whenever I call upon Thee and say "O my God," I witness that it is but a name whose letters have issued from my mouth. And that which has issued from my mouth and appeared through my will - how could it be worthy to ascend to the heaven of Thy glory or capable of rising to the ultimate goal in the presence of the effulgences of the lights of Thy Beauty?
For the heart wherein aught else but Thee hath entered can never be a mirror for Thy beauty, and the foot that hath walked in other than Thy good-pleasure can never gain entrance to the garden of Thy love or dwell in the precincts of Thy mercy, and the eye that hath turned to aught besides Thee can never be capable of beholding the lights of Thy countenance or witnessing the mysteries of Thy sovereignty.
Glory be unto Thee! Glory be unto Thee! All these are beloved by me due to their connection with Thee and their relation to Thee; otherwise Thou art sanctified above all glory and pride, and all loftiness and honor. How could it be otherwise, when these are stations Thou hast not loved for Thyself nor ordained for Thine Essence?
Glorified art Thou, O my God and the God of the world, my Goal and the Goal of the nations! I beseech Thee, O Lord of existence, by Thy sovereignty which hath encompassed the seen and unseen, to transform oppression into justice and tyranny into equity.
O my God! I testify that Thou art God, there is none other God but Thee. Thou hast ever been established upon the throne of Thy oneness and seated upon the seat of Thy singleness. None can draw nigh unto Thee or soar in the atmosphere of Thy knowledge save to the extent which Thou hast ordained for them through Thy mercy which hath preceded all created things and Thy grace which hath encompassed all existing things.
Thou art He Who cannot be known in the essence of His Being, nor described in the glory of His Reality, for all else besides Thee is bounded by the limits of creation and characterized by similitude.
While all seek to draw nigh unto Thee through their praise of Thee, I draw nigh unto Thee through sanctifying Thee above the description of aught else and exalting Thee beyond the attributes of all others. For the existence of description indicates separation from the described, and the mention of attributes testifies that they are but effects that cannot be mentioned alongside the Attributed One.
Those who attribute positive qualities to Thine Essence while negating their opposites have not truly known Thee, for attributes, by their very nature in their own realm, are distinct from that which they describe.
Thou hast ever been sanctified beyond all names and wilt ever be pure from all similitudes. How near art Thou to Thy loved ones and how gracious unto Thy beloved ones!
Glorified art Thou, O my God! Thy Essence transcendeth all proofs, and Thy Being is evidenced in the establishment of certitude beyond all expression. Created beings know naught save the stations of their own selves, and the examples in the essence of creation point to naught save their own realities.
Send down, O my God, Thy blessings upon Muhammad, Thy chosen Servant, whom Thou didst fashion for Thyself and prefer above all the denizens of creation, making Him the seat of Thy sovereignty in the realms of sight and space, that He might manifest the exaltation of Thy Self above origination and the splendour of Thy devising -- since Thou art not conjoined with the bringing-forth of beings, nor described by the appearances of the people of splendour. Verily, Thou art God, the Great, the Most Sublime.
I bear witness, O my God, that to meet Him is to meet Thee, for Thou canst not be comprehended in Thine Essence nor seen in Thy Reality, and there existeth not in Thy creation any mirror Thou mightest choose for Thine Essence wherein naught can be seen save Thee and which pointeth to none other than Thee.
Thou hast manifested Thyself through these names and attributes unto all things, lest any soul mistake the mention of attributes as pertaining to aught but Thee, and that the minds of them that believe in Thy unity might find rest in the mention of attributes before the countenance of Thy face. Thou art known without similitude, and described without name.
Whoso claimeth to know Thy Self, or uttereth a word concerning Thy unity, hath veiled himself from Thee, and comprehendeth not the examples of Thy Will, nor can he indicate aught save the station of Thy might in its essence. Glory be unto Thee, O my God, from any description save Thine own of Thyself, and from any testimony save Thine own to Thine Essence. Thou hast ever been, and there was naught else that could know Thee or point to Thee.
Thou art as Thou art - nothing can know Thee and nothing can describe Thee, for all else besides Thee has been created from nothingness through origination, and they can only point to Thee through negation and are cut off in affirmation.
If I say "Thou art Thou," then similitudes would tell of likenesses, yet Thou canst never be known through these. And if I say "He is He," then would Oneness point to the Essence of creation and Unity to the Reality of invention, though these in their very nature can only point through negation and can only be described through denial.
O my God! Thou art witness that were it not for the necessity of accepting Thy decree and following Thy command, I would declare Thee far above my unity with Thee and my mention of Thy Self. For what am I and what is my measure that I should make mention of Thee? For my mention which riseth from me is according to my measure, not Thine.
For in each of Thy Manifestations, when Thou makest Thyself known through Thy signs, all Thy creation become veiled. Thy servants, even should they worship Thee, would be veiled, and those who prostrate themselves before Thee, even should they prostrate, would not be veiled. Rather, they have worshipped Thee based on imagination and prostrated themselves without knowledge.
Glorified art Thou! There is no knowledge save for him who knoweth Thee and serveth Thee and feareth Thy justice and hopeth for Thy grace and is exalted through the exaltation of Thy Cause. For there is no glory except in Thy love and good-pleasure and obedience and fear of Thee, and in detachment unto Thee and abiding beneath the shade of Thy gracious favors and the expressions of Thy Command.
If I say Thou art knowing, verily Thou art the Creator of knowledge by Thy power. If I say Thou art powerful, verily Thou art the Originator of power by Thy all-encompassing might. If I say Thou art hearing, verily Thou art the Bestower of hearing by Thy lordship. If I say Thou art seeing, verily Thou art the Creator of sight by Thy self-subsistence.
Glory be unto Thee! Glory be unto Thee! All relationships return unto me like the mention of the Ka'bih, the Sacred House, and all geometry is cut off from Thee like the Sacred Monument and the Station. Glory be unto Thee, O my God! Thy majesty hath transcended the majesty of all things and Thy loftiness hath risen above the loftiness of all things.
Glorified art Thou, O my God! There was no beginning to Thy creation, so how can I mention Thy firstness? And there shall be no end to what Thou hast created, so how can I speak of Thy lastness? Thou wert before all things, Thou art above all things, Thou shalt be after all things, Thou art the Creator of all things, and Thou art supreme over all things.
Further quotations · supplied wording and references
I was a Hidden Treasure. I wished [loved] to be made known, and thus I called creation into being in order that I might be known.
And the movement which is coming into existence of the world is a movement of Love. This is clearly indicated by the Apostle when he says (conveying God's own words): 'I was a hidden treasure, and I loved to be known.' If it were not for this love, the world would never have appeared in this concrete existence. In this sense, the movement of the world toward existence was a movement of Love which brought it into existence.
Concerning the Tablet of the Master explaining one of the doctrines of Sufism, which He revealed during His youth at the demand of Ali Shawka Pasha: this is published in the second volume of His Tablets published in Egypt. Unfortunately it has not been translated into English. It is an epistle of about fifty pages, otherwise I would have attempted to translate it for you. It is not however very important from a Baha'i point of view for He says at the end that His object was merely to state the Sufi view and not to criticize it in the light of the Baha'i teachings. Moreover, the task would be very difficult for I am unfamiliar with the terminology used. It needs a scholar on Sufism to render the Tablet into English.
The pictures of Divinity that come to our mind are the product of our fancy; they exist in the realm of our imagination. They are not adequate to the Truth; truth in its essence cannot be put into words. Divinity cannot by comprehended because it is comprehending.
Through Thy revelation of Thyself have I known Thee, that Thou canst not be known through aught else but Thee. Through Thy creation of all things from nothing have I known Thee, that none can attain unto knowledge of Thine essence.
Thou knowest their helplessness and their feebleness; where is Thy power, O Thou in Whose grasp lay the powers of heaven and earth?
Continue exploring
- God as immanent vs. transcendent reality
- God as personal vs. impersonal reality
- God's love for His own Essence
- Word of God and human limitations
- absolute freedom; independence of God
- anthropomorphism
- challenging nature; abstruseness of the Word of God
- essential vs. actional attributes of God
- impossibility of true worship of God
- inability of the Manifestation; Prophet to comprehend God
- limits of language
- names and attributes of God
- pantheism
- power and sovereignty of God; omnipotence of God
- the cloud ['ama]
- the lower is unable to comprehend the higher
For thought and discussion
Questions to carry forward
- How do these readings distinguish knowing God through signs and revelation from comprehending the divine Essence? Compare the complete answers, the sun and mirror imagery, and Qur’an 6:101–104. What does each text affirm, and where does it place a limit?
- What roles do reason, experience, spiritual perception and revelation play in the search for knowledge? Explore the neighbors on human limitations and the lower being unable to comprehend the higher. How can recognition of a limit encourage enquiry rather than end it?
- How do names, attributes, negation and metaphor enable speech about God? Compare the permission to praise with the confessions that praise is inadequate. What can a name convey, and what might be lost when its meaning is treated as exhaustive?
- How do the texts distinguish the Manifestation, the divine Essence and creation? Compare their different analogies and their explicit qualifications. How does preserving the question, the complete answer and the stated religious perspective change a reader’s interpretation?
- What differs between explaining a philosophical view and endorsing it? Read the Hidden Treasure commentary, the complete discussion of Sufi unity, the attributed Ibn Arabi excerpt and the 1932 letter together. Which agreements and disagreements can be supported by the actual wording?
- How might divine transcendence shape humility, service, love and prayer? Compare the complete prayers with the practical counsels and personal historical letters. What does speaking intimately to God contribute when the speaker also acknowledges that God cannot be encompassed by thought?