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Beyond party conflict: service, impartiality, and public responsibility

non-participation in politics

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Editorial introduction

Standing apart from party conflict is easy to mistake for indifference, and ‘Abdu’l-Bahá will not allow the mistake. The friends who kept clear of every faction during Iran’s revolution were, in His account, well-wishers of all, busy with educating children, improving morals and reconciling government and people; serving nation and government was an obligation, while forming parties or rising against the ruling power was forbidden. That distinction between public responsibility and factional allegiance is the heart of the matter, with room for honest public employment, for voting in a republic, and for cooperation with anyone pursuing a constructive aim. It asks something harder than withdrawal: impartial goodwill toward people bitterly opposed to one another, and a refusal to become anyone’s instrument. First Peter’s joining of respect for rulers, honourable conduct and freedom exercised as servants of God describes the same posture. The path leads on into the constitutional revolution in Iran, where these instructions were first tested, into obedience to and respect for government authority, and into the protection of the Cause whose unity the whole practice exists to guard.

Selected passages

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01

In any case, the Baha'is should not interfere in political matters, but rather engage in educating the nation's children, promote sciences and knowledge, strive to improve morals, raise the banner of the oneness of humanity, lift up the call of human equality, remove the foundation of war and strife, and adorn the edifice of peace and reconciliation.

A community that establishes the unity of the human world certainly cannot delve into political affairs, because a diplomat must always promote his hidden agendas, and this contradicts the intentions of peace, harmony, sincerity and faithfulness.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1911-Feb-25, to Azizullah Varqa -- AB00703)
02

During the revolution in Iran, praise be to God, you were well-wishers of all and strove for universal peace and reconciliation. You had no attachment to any party nor any resentment toward any group.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1910-May-17, to Baha'is of Qum et al -- AB00914)
03

We seek to play no part in political affairs, rather do we wish the welfare of all and the progress of the multitudes, serve Iran in the moral and ethical realms, and strive day and night that God may breathe a new life into the body of Iran, so that an extraordinary power may manifest itself in the fabric of Iran and its people.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1921-May-25, to Ghulam Ali Davachi -- AB06630)
04

The membership of the friends in parliament was desirable, because what is intended by not interfering in politics is not for the believers to refrain from serving the nation and the government; indeed service to the nation and government is an obligation. What is intended is that the friends should not form political parties or rise against the presiding government, and should not, like other groups, create agitation or engage in rebellion and sedition. The intention is not for them to eschew membership in parliament and service to the people and the government with heart and soul.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1913-Nov-05, to Mirza Azizullah Khan -- AB12183)
05

In brief, all know that we are completely forbidden from interference in political affairs, and these recent events in Iran are sufficient proof that we were entirely free from corruption, strife and contention - we never interfered at all. Yes, if any Baha'i is appointed to a position or service, they must strive to fulfill their duties with utmost truthfulness, honesty, justice and fairness, and must serve their employer in whatever country they may be and whatever government they may be appointed to serve - there is no difference. And since this relates not to religion but to government, such engagement in these matters is not corruption.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1912-Jan-27, to Hand of the Cause Ali Muhammad Ibn Asdaq -- AB00088)
06

In the United States it is necessary that the citizens shall take part in elections. This is a necessary matter and no excuse from it is possible. My object in telling the believers that they should not interfere in the affairs of government is this: That they should not make any trouble and that they should not move against the opinion of the government, but obedience to the laws and the administration of the commonwealth is necessary. Now, as the government of America is a republican form of government, it is necessary that all the citizens shall take part in the elections of officers and take part in the affairs of the republic.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1907-Jun-04, to James B Thornton Chase -- AB00639)
07

Those who are prohibited from interfering in political affairs are those who have no official position and no connection with the government. Interference in political matters lies outside their responsibilities.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1910-Mar-27, to Ali-Akbar Rawhani Muhibulsultan -- AB10467)
08

Religious matters should not be confused with politics in the present state of the world (for their interests are not identical).

Religion concerns matters of the heart, of the spirit, and of morals.

Politics are occupied with the material things of life. Religious teachers should not invade the realm of politics; they should concern themselves with the spiritual education of the people; they should ever give good counsel to men, trying to serve God and humankind; they should endeavor to awaken spiritual aspiration, and strive to enlarge the understanding and knowledge of humanity, to improve morals, and to increase the love for justice.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken at Dreyfus home in Paris, 1911-Nov-17 -- ABU0253)
09

And every conscientious aim, if it brings good to the human world, being universal, is a divine project. From prancing in the political arena, only a mere nest and dwelling will be arranged, but soaring in the divine atmosphere is ascending to the apex of glory.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1890-Aug-04, to Edward Granville Browne -- AB00571)
10

Beware, beware, lest any of the beloved friends meddle in the political affairs, or say a word to this effect. According to the explicit divine Text, the friends of God should play no part in political affairs, rather the path of all should be the refinement of characters, the development of souls, unification of all people under the one true faith of God, love, compassion, unity and harmony, and the dissemination of waves of spiritual power amongst the people of the world.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1907-Jun-22, to Mulla Ali Akbar Shahmirzadi Ayadi -- AB00412)
11

Ever call the friends to impartiality and invite them to universal love. They should stand aloof from all parties and busy themselves with their own affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Feb-06, to Mirza Muhammad Hasan Adib -- AB10092)
12

The divine friends must conduct themselves with the utmost love, tranquility, composure and impartiality, and must never interfere in sedition and mischief.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1911-Jan-03, to Ibn-i-Abhar -- AB08886)
13

We have no connection with any party: we are neither partisans of the victorious Government nor do we share the opinions of the glorious people. We stand aside from all strifes, wish well to all, and offer our prayers and supplications at the Throne of God that He will reconcile these two honourable elements with one another, so that they may become one element, and may work together for the glory and advancement of both Government and people.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Apr-21, to Ibn-i-Abhar -- AB02996)
14

From the beginning of the revolution it was repeatedly written that the divine friends must withdraw from this tumult and clamor and strife and contention, and strive and sacrifice themselves for reconciliation between government and nation, so that government and nation may mix together like milk and sugar, for success and prosperity are impossible without reformation.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Jul-18, to Abdu'llah Sahihfurush -- AB01314)
15

They must act according to the instructions, which are that they should obey the government and be well-wishers to both sides and as much as possible be the cause of peace and tranquility, but absolutely not interfere in conflict and strife.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-May-06, to Ali-Akbar Rawhani Muhibulsultan -- AB01678)
16

Therefore, O loved ones of God, strive so that complete harmony and unity may be achieved between the government and people, and if you remain powerless, withdraw completely.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Mar-24 in Paris -- ABU1542)
17

And if you become powerless, withdraw.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1912-Jan-03, to Mirza Aqa Bashir Ilahi (Bashirus-Sultan) -- AB12167)
18

Praise be to God, it has become established and known to all that the friends have no quarrel or contention with any faction, and they destroyed no homes. Rather they have love for all and their ultimate desire is the progress of Iran and Iranians, but without war and strife, for fighting and contention weaken Iran's constitution, and when the constitution is weak, each day brings a new ailment.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Usku'i, Haydar Ali (Son of Karbala'i Hasan of Matanih) -- AB00808)
19

In brief, the well-wishers of Iran must resort to means that will yield inevitable results and assured attainment. Otherwise, perfect results from imperfect causes are impossible and absurd.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1919-Jan-16, to Bahman Mirza -- AB02940)
20

O ye loved ones of God! The light of truth hath risen from the dawning-place of Divine guidance and hath shed its resplendent radiance to the East and the West and illumined the whole world from the North to the South. The pious ones whose sight is keen, who possess hearing ears and whose breasts are even as mirrors have found the Straight Path through the ancient light and, intoxicated by the soul-stirring call like unto the One Who conversed with God (Moses), have hearkened unto the Divine call from the fire of Divine love that blazeth in the Tree of Man. But those transgressors that have deprived themselves of the grace of His guidance- they are a cause for grieving. For despite the fact that the showers of bounty from the clouds of mercy besprinkle all the deserts, prairies, mountains, hills, and valleys and make them fresh and green; one can but grieve for the useless weed that is sore athirst in the wilderness of utter loss. If we follow the Divine Teachings and Counsels, it is indubitably clear that the earth shall become the highest Paradise and the star of good fortune a companion to all.

Similarly, there is no doubt that the words of the friends are sweet, their sight is sharp and their faces a testimony unto the manifest Light, inasmuch as the requirements of the Divine Counsels are: to be a well-wisher for the ill-wisher; an intimate companion for the wicked enemy; a loving friend for the erring foe who stabbeth the dagger intotthe middle of the heart; to meet the ill-tempered slanderer with favour and praise; and not to offend, hurt, annoy or avoid anyone. Nay, it beseemeth us in this century of light to abolish the blindest fanaticism amongst the peoples and nations of the world; to show the unity of mankind; to make the stranger find himself a friend; to regard the foe as a faithful companion; to love all the communions and nations and show them loving-kindness; not to disappoint even an idol-worshipper; to eliminate all strife and dissension, contention and conflict, battle and war; to propagate the Kingdom of peace and welfare; to be the well-wishers of mankind; loyal to every treacherous; to meet every tyrannical oppressor with justice; to serve the Crown with trustworthiness and piety; to obey the Authorities; to sacrifice our lives for the State; to be loyal to and serve every nation; not to meddle with political affairs; not to curse the State officials; to submit ourselves unto God; and to be content with every circumstance.

Praise and blessings rest upon you.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909 or <, to Baha'is of Adharbayjan et al -- AB01187)
21

You must persist in peace, amity, love and goodwill toward all people, loyalty to the government, and non-interference in political affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1910-Feb-03, to Ali-Akbar Rawhani Muhibulsultan -- AB11903)
22

We have nothing to do with these affairs. We are occupied with our own condition and we hope to act according to that which we are obligated to by the divine text, and that is obedience to the government and goodwill toward all nations of the world, and peace and reconciliation with all peoples and communities.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Mirza Aqa Bashir Ilahi (Bashirus-Sultan) -- AB12202)
23

The Blessed Beauty made it easy for us by commanding us to be well-wishers to all people and to deal with everyone with love, truthfulness and kindness, especially to strive in obedience to the government and to not interfere in political matters in any way, nor even to breathe a word about them.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Hand of the Cause Ali Muhammad Ibn Asdaq -- AB00624)
24

They must be truthful and kind to all the peoples of the world, deal with all humanity with pure intent, absolute benevolence and heartfelt love, be sincere and well-wishing toward all the governments of the world, and, in accordance with Baha'u'llah's testament, never interfere in political matters - indeed, not even discuss them.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1905 ca., to Ahmad Yazdi son in law of Abdu'l-Baha -- AB00760)
25

They are truthful, well-wishing and kind to all people, and never interfere in political affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1919-Apr-28, to Nasrullah Baqiruf -- AB02902)
26

Offend not the mind of any person and grieve not the heart of any man; be towards all with the utmost humility and meekness, and be loyal and sincere subjects to the Royal Throne; obey the authorities of affairs, and make no interference whatsoever with political matters; adorn the meetings with the commemoration of God and train the individuals with the breath of the merficul One; utter no word save in the mention of God, and rest only in the shadow of hope.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1906 ca., to Baha'is of Urumiyyih -- AB00725)
27

The point is that the friends must not utter a word about political matters, for these do not concern them. Rather, they must occupy themselves with their own affairs and services, and nothing more. They must think only of drawing near to God, arising to serve His good-pleasure, and becoming the cause of comfort, ease, joy and gladness to the world of humanity. Should any person attempt to speak before the friends about governmental and state matters, saying that so-and-so said this or did that, the believer must respond: "These matters do not concern us.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Ibn-i-Abhar -- AB00288)
28

Do not involve yourselves with or discuss matters of government and politics, for God hath created you to give exhortations and counsels, correct the morals and bring enlightenment and spirituality to the world of humanity.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá -- AB01437)
29

These papers are about politics. We do not interfere in the affairs of politics at all. We interfere in the affairs of the heart, in education and in morals.'

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to Latimer, Esslemont, Randall et al, spoken on 1919-Nov-24 -- ABU0304)
30

I set forth, with clear proofs and irrefutable arguments, that all should be obedient to the government, and that the leaders of religion should in no wise interfere in political affairs. Whenever the divines have interfered in political affairs, it hath been detrimental to the common good.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1907-Jun ca., to Hand of the Cause Ali Muhammad Ibn Asdaq -- AB01413)
31

Religion is concerned with things of the spirit, politics with things of the world. Religion has to work with the world of thought, whilst the field of politics lies with the world of external conditions.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken at Theosophical Society in Paris, Nov. 1911 -- ABU0091)
32

Our way and path is clear and known, and is explicitly recorded in the Tablets. We have no part in political affairs or any matter related to the physical world. Our focus is the moral world, so that human realities may become united and agreed, manifesting divine inspirations.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Aqa Mirza Ahmad -- AB06137)
33

And I say to you that this Cause absolutely has no involvement in politics, rather it is purely spiritual, related to the Kingdom rather than to earthly sovereignty and the material realm.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1900 or <, to Ibrahim Effendi Khayrullah -- AB02619)
34

Among the teachings of Baha'u'llah is that human politics, no matter how advanced, is as nothing compared to divine politics. We must glorify the politics of the Divine Realm and follow the Lord of the Kingdom, for divine politics is the light of the world of existence and that all-encompassing mercy which embraces all peoples and nations without exception.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Talk given during first visit to Egypt, ca. 1910-1911, 1910-1911 -- AB11806)
35

Although political and state affairs are of great importance, nevertheless in comparison to this mighty Cause they are no more than a mirage, they assuage no thirst and are the weakest of edifices in the face of this fortress of the Kingdom.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909 ca., to Haji Muhammad Rida et al -- AB04899)
36

I beseech God to make you divine, not political.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1906 ca., to Farajullah Zaki Al-Kurdi -- AB01995)
37

"The religious ideal is the soul of all plans for the good of mankind. Religion must never be used as a tool by party politicians. God's politics are might, man's politics are feeble."

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to Viscount Arawaka spoken around Nov. 1911(?) -- ABU2879)
38

Another unifying force is political power, which is different and prevents unity.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Apr-12 in Budapest to members of the Turanian Society -- ABU1248)
39

The Cause of God is sanctified from all political power and worldly affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to Mrs Hearst, spoken on 1912-Oct-16 -- ABU2825)
40

God willing, the world of humanity will find rest; the existing competition between the powers may pass away. Thank God we are free from all these questions. His Holiness Baha'u'llah has emancipated us.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to Latimer, Esslemont, Randall et al, spoken on 1919-Nov-19 -- ABU0913)
41

The apostles of Christ never devised any political schemes whereby to win the majority votes. They went out into the world and taught the gospel of light to all mankind. The result is that whenever we mention the names of John, or Peter or Matthew a wonderful spirituality is obtained, the hearts are inspired and the souls rejoiced. These disciples were not politicians; they were the harbingers of the glad-tidings of the Kingdom. They did not know anything about election, votes, initiative and referendum.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to Lua Getsinger, Ramleh, 1913-Aug-21 -- ABU1582)
42

Abdul-Baha does not seek membership at the Peace Congress. He promulgates peace through the power of the Word of God. It is impossible to establish universal peace save through this power.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1919-Jun-03, to Cora H Ditmars -- AB03667)
43

Many souls hastened to that empire from different parts of the world, in order that they might talk of and discuss the principles of their own religions, each one longing to convert that assembly to his own religion and establish the validity of his own particular belief. This congress had under discussion the politics of the religions. In truth, it is not a political affair and not the attraction of the heart, faith, advancement toward God nor enkindlement with the fire of the love of God. This congress will not produce a lasting effect, for it is essentially politico-religious.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1906, to Ahmad Sohrab -- AB00354)
44

As for the book you had written about, this was written concerning political matters to promote justice and fairness and bring about the comfort of humanity.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1919-Jan-28, to Claudia S Coles -- AB02576)
45

However, since we are forbidden from interfering in political affairs, writing a law ourselves would be contrary to obedience to the command. Even this much that is written is due to utmost love and goodwill that compels us, otherwise even this much would not be permissible.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Jul-17, to Jinab Muhtaram -- AB07452)
46

Regarding women's suffrage, this is a political issue and I am detached from all political matters, however I will say this much: both men and women are human and are like two wings for the world of humanity.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1919-Jul-22, to Mabel Rice-Wray Ives -- AB03499)
47

In America, the cradle of women's liberation, women are still debarred from political institutions because they squabble. They are yet to have a member in the House of Representatives. Also Baha'u'llah hath proclaimed: "O ye men of the House of Justice." Ye need to be calm and composed, so that the work will proceed with wisdom, otherwise there will be such chaos that ye will leave everything and run away. "This newly born babe is traversing in one night the path that needeth a hundred years to tread." In brief, ye should now engage in matters of pure spirituality and not contend with men.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1919-Dec-17, to Munirih Ayadi Zadih -- AB00677)
48

I hope that in all instances thou wilt be confirmed and assisted in rendering service to the Abha Threshold---may my life be a sacrifice to His loved ones---and that thou wilt correspond with the aforesaid count. It would do no harm to send him the translation of certain Tablets that are appropriate to his circumstances and agreeable to his taste: yet not in such a manner that the Russian state would suspect that thou art in agreement and concert with him in all principles---even that of involvement in political affairs, for the aforesaid Count is extremely involved in political affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1910-Oct-30, to Ali Akbar Nakhjavani -- AB04798)
49

This person is purely political. The friends, like Shaykh Farajullah, must speak with him with wisdom and moderation. All their conversations should be solely about the oneness of the human world, fellowship and harmony between different peoples, and the elimination of conflict and strife, nothing more.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Mirza Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani -- AB08425)
50

It is effective and beneficial, but we came to meet the poor, not to see kings and princes. We meet with every seeker with perfect sincere love, but we have no desire or inclination to meet with leaders. Furthermore, such titles cause the souls to become frightened and bring about suspicion and misunderstandings. Therefore, do not send this letter at all - there is absolutely no need.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Jan-16 in London -- ABU3020)
51

As he had gained a reputation for his honesty and truthfulness, when he stated that the Baha'is do not involve themselves in political affairs, his words were accepted by his audience.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Mar-18 in Paris -- ABU3685)
52

As we were imprisoned for the Cause of God and not for political reasons, while in prison we were not perturbed and had no worries. However, the others thought that after I was set free I would raise the banner of independence among the Arabs and unite them with me! See, how ill-informed was such a judgment!

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1912-Sep-08 in Montreal -- ABU2449)
53

It became evident to the governments and peoples of the world that this community had no intention or purpose except the peace and wellbeing of humanity, and would in no way interfere in political matters and corruption, nor take lives.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Jun-06 in Paris -- ABU0446)
54

Praise be to God that it had become evident and known to all that the Baha'is are free from any intrigues and seditions. They confer life and not death...

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1914-Feb-17 -- ABU0485)

The available source contains an omission or incomplete wording; sentence boundaries need review.

55

The Baha'is must not engage in political movements which lead to sedition. They must interest themselves in movements which conduce to law and order. In Persia at the present time the Baha'is have no part in the revolutionary upheavals which have terminated in lawlessness and rebellion.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Public address given at Hotel Victoria on 1912-Jul-23 -- ABU0689)
56

The friends of God must, by the decisive text of the Lord, abstain from such matters and completely avoid them. They must neither align themselves with any society in political affairs, nor become intimate with any group.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1907-Jun-20, to Baha'is of Iran -- AB00215)
57

I had written to the friends from the beginning that they should distance themselves from all political parties, and shun every friction, they should entrust the affairs of this material world to those whose concern is the mundane matters of this earth, and leave its politics to the statesmen.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1908-Nov-09?, to Mirza Muhammad Hasan Adib -- AB00640)
58

In any case, we have nothing to do with political matters. We mind our own business and offer counsel - whoever wishes may act upon it and whoever wishes may leave it. The friends of God must keep aloof from all and abhor any dispute and conflict. They must obey the government and be well-wishers of all, neither associating with any party nor allying with any group. To them belong war and strife and conflict, to us belong peace and tranquility and moderation.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Feb-06, to Mulla Ali Akbar Shahmirzadi Ayadi -- AB00665)
59

They neither share confidences with politicians nor associate with freedom-seekers, neither thinking of government nor occupied with criticizing any of the people.

… They should not interfere in any matter nor engage in any political question.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1902-10 ca., to Mirza Siyyid Muhammad Nazimul-Hukama -- AB00384)
60

Do not enter into or interfere at all in political matters. Be occupied with your own professions and your own affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1907-Dec-05+, to Baha'is of Sangsar et al -- AB00434)
61

In any case, we have no part in these matters. The divine friends must absolutely not interfere in these affairs, but rather must occupy themselves with their own work with perfect sanctity and detachment.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1907-Jul-11 ca., to Jinab Nazim (Barfurush) -- AB01237)
62

According to the decisive text of the Blessed Beauty, the friends do not interfere in political matters, but rather must concentrate all their thoughts on teaching.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1912-Feb-06, to Muhammad Ali Khan Baha'i -- AB02827)
63

We have absolutely no connection to politics and make no mention of anything except the chanting of clear verses.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1903, to Edward Granville Browne -- AB00771)
64

According to the explicit text of Baha'u'llah, we do not speak about political matters because we are forbidden from interfering in political affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1920-Aug-10, to Fanny A Knobloch -- AB04422)
65

But in political matters, as before, do not interfere at all, for by the decisive text of the Blessed Beauty, interference is forbidden.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1912-Jan-10, to Ghulam Ali Davachi -- AB01381)
66

Do not interfere in political matters.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Ahmad Aqa Balazadih -- AB06893)
67

Don't talk about politics. Speak about the good work the English have done in Egypt.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to Mrs Stannard, spoken on 1913-Oct-11 -- ABU0836)
68

And the party of God is forbidden from interfering in political matters, whether minor or major, domestic or foreign.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Mirza Muhammad Hasan Adib -- AB05039)
69

In any case, the divine friends must, as before, not interfere in political matters.

… The divine friends must not discuss politics even in private.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1921-Jun-11, to Abdu'l-Husayn Tafti (Avarih) -- AB02102)
70

Furthermore, tell the loved ones of God that no one should ever interfere in governmental affairs, whether by word, deed, story or report. They should always be engaged in offering good prayers for those in authority, for by the decisive divine text they are forbidden from interference.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1901 or <, to Ali Muhammad Khan Tabib -- AB01727)
71

In all your addresses explicitly state that Baha'u'llah has forbidden the Baha'is from interference in political matters, that they should never raise their voice in political discussions.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1914-Mar ca., to Mrs Stannard -- AB11190)
72

O servants of the Abha Beauty!

Letters have been written on many occasions and to all the communities as well as to individual believers on this most important matter stating that according to the sacred texts the Baha'is should not interfere in politics even to the extent of uttering a single word. It is self-evident that the only impregnable stronghold, the only protection is the word of God itself. Now it is necessary to insist on this matter again, to admonish the friends most seriously and emphasise once more that the believers in God should not interfere in political matters should not even engage in debate on such issues.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1910 or <, to Spiritual Assembly of Tihran -- AB00187)

The available source contains an omission or incomplete wording; sentence boundaries need review.

73

O spiritual friends of 'Abdu'l-Baha! From the beginning of the upheaval in Iran, in all letters to Tehran and other regions, it was written that the people of God must not in any way interfere in political affairs during this most great tempest, must withdraw from all parties and groups, and must not become intimate or aligned with any faction. Even in spiritual gatherings, no mention should be made of the thoughts and opinions of any of the Iranian parties. We have neither any secret with the constitutionalists nor any harmony with the independents.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1908-Sep-29, to Baha'is of Baku -- AB00264)
74

From the beginning of the revolution in Tehran, it was announced to all regions, especially the Land of Ta, that the Party of God has no involvement in political affairs and has no complaint or praise for the governments of the world. We stand apart from all parties and, with tear-filled eyes, seek the Lord's grace and bounty for all peoples and nations. We are neither intimate companions of the constitutionalists nor allies of the absolutists. We are impartial and unbiased, serving without reward or recompense, occupied with the holy fragrances and familiar with spiritual attractions. … We are commanded to obey the government and abhor all conflict and hostility.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1908-Sep-26, to Spiritual Assembly of Tihran -- AB00295)
75

Evidently, the foolish ones have reprimanded the friends, and have accused them of being the supporters of dictatorship, and the defenders of the Nationalists. Gracious God! These ignorant ones have still failed to give heed that the Baha'is are sanctified from any political affiliation. They are neither related to the Constitutional Movement, nor are they involved in the Nationalist cause.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1908-Sep-26+, to Muhammad Ali Khan Baha'i -- AB01606)
76

The divine friends must collectively make it clear to all that from the beginning of these successive upheavals it was repeatedly written that the friends of God must never interfere in political affairs but must remain aloof and wish well to both sides, and show the letters that were written in this regard.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Apr-19, to Ibn-i-Abhar -- AB02974)
77

In this general movement in Iran, it became clear and evident that not a single Baha'i was among the active societies. Rather, all kept their distance and did not interfere in political affairs, but engaged in obedience to the government and well-wishing toward the nation.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1908-Mar-04+, to Baha'is of the East et al -- AB00054)
78

Regarding political events, explain to the authorities that this oppressed community has remained aloof from all parties since the beginning of the revolution, and has always strived for reform and unity, and when unable to achieve this, withdrew.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1913-Jul-02, to Muhammad Taqi son of Ali Akbar (Khurasan) -- AB01480)
79

Praise be to God that the friends in this upheaval are distinguished from other parties - they are without ulterior motives or illness and stay clear of all conflict and strife. In the time of despotism they had neither affinity with the dominant government nor enmity with other parties. They were well-wishers of all and sincere lovers of the masses.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1911-Jan-13, to Khajih Rabi et al -- AB02792)
80

The intent is that, with respect to the Persian Revolution, the Baha'is did not side with anyone and refused to participate in warfare and hostilities.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1910-May-20, to Laura Dreyfus-Barney -- AB11832)
81

Each of the parties took up a pickaxe and struck at the foundation of Iran until they destroyed it. The only party that was not a partner and participant in the destruction was this oppressed party.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1912-Jan-10, to Aqa Mirza Habib Baha'i -- AB00947)
82

Some ignorant ones criticized 'Abdu'l-Baha, asking why, given the despotism of government forces, He did not assist the nationalists. If 'Abdu'l-Baha had assisted them, they would have triumphed in a short time, but the first thing they would have done would have been to kill the friends of God.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1910-Feb-01, to Mirza Aqa Bashir Ilahi (Bashirus-Sultan) -- AB01057)
83

At the beginning of the revolution, 'Abdu'l-Baha strove with utmost effort that the friends remain neutral and be well-wishers to both sides. It was observed that some were interpreting differently and interfering, and the result would be that the government would use this as a pretext and direct force against the weak members, massacring all the divine friends while acting as mediators, and through this affair the government would gain strong influence and demonstrate its power. I summoned Jinab-i-Aqa Siyyid 'Ali-Akbar and said that whatever I wished to prevent the friends from interference was not possible, some were inclined to interfere and this would yield harmful results. Now, purely to prevent this interference, I wish to write a statement regarding the center of sovereignty - if appropriate action is taken, well and good, otherwise "bada" (divine alteration of decree). It is among the established matters in the Cause of God that they said to Imam Ja'far-i-Sadiq that "we were awaiting the seventh Imam and were saying 'their seventh is their Qa'im' - how is it that this did not come to pass?" He replied "I am that seventh one, but bada occurred." In brief, I told him that if bada was permissible regarding the Qa'im-hood of Imam Ja'far-i-Sadiq, now if appropriate action is not taken, bada is the easiest of matters.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Jul-20, to Mirza Muhammad Hasan Adib -- AB03482)
84

These matters depend upon divine wisdom, and cannot be explicitly set forth. It is not that 'Abdu'l-Baha is unaware of the reality of things or that matters are unclear to Him, but it is due to the wisdom of the Cause. Let these events pass. Thereafter the wisdom thereof shall become plain and manifest, and at that time all shall testify that whatsoever was said was in conformity with wisdom. The mysteries of the letters of 'Abdu'l-Baha, His prohibition against interference in political affairs, and His exposition of the consummate wisdom thereof, shall in days to come be made clear and evident.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Feb-08, to Muhammad Ali Khan Baha'i -- AB07331)
85

Given these lofty aims, how can they sully themselves with these conflicts and disputes which are but the playthings of political figures? His Excellency Mumtazu'd-Dawlih knows that all this strife and conflict stems from the personal motives of a limited number of people on both sides - there is absolutely no pure intention involved. Given this, how can the Baha'is intervene?

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-May-29, to Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney -- AB11862)
86

And the friends of God are also asleep while these slanderous souls have penetrated into the roots of various parties and do not let Iran find peace, and they commit whatever corruption they wish while the country's leaders are completely heedless of this matter and the friends of God are also silent and occupied with disputes over minor affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1911-Jun-20, to Ali-Akbar Rawhani Muhibulsultan -- AB00560)
87

The intention is that you should properly explain to the officers of the eternal Ottoman government that the people of God absolutely do not interfere in political matters - they are forbidden by explicit text. If any person from this community interferes in political affairs, others must shun him and even disassociate from him. The proof of this is that during these agitations, corruptions and formation of assemblies that took place in Tehran, the Baha'is absolutely did not interfere or go near them.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1908-May-31+, to Ali-Akbar Rawhani Muhibulsultan -- AB01001)
88

A response was written to Mahmud Khan and is enclosed in this letter - please deliver it. My intention was that His Excellency 'Aynu's-Saltanih and other loved ones of God should absolutely not interfere in these political matters, should not become intimate with any party, and should not associate with any group. They should be engaged with the holy divine fragrances and occupied with the remembrance of that Kind Friend.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Yusif Vujdani -- AB01844)
89

In any case, the friends must act with complete sincerity toward the government, stay away from the agitators, and remain aloof from all parties.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Mirza Muhammad Hasan Adib -- AB02264)
90

In any case, the friends must show perfect obedience and submission to the government. They must not associate with any society at any time, nor harmonize with political parties. They must not interfere in political matters whatsoever.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1908-Aug-18, to Nasrullah Baqiruf -- AB01914)
91

Regarding the disorder and differences among the parties in those regions that you wrote about - the party of God must withdraw from all and never interfere. Leave them to their vain pursuits.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1908-Jun-02, to Mirza Buzurg Afnan Alai -- AB03089)
92

The friends must completely stand aside and be detached from all these events and differences.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1907-Aug ca., to Abdu'l-Majid Tabib -- AB11828)
93

Now the divine friends, with illumined hearts and spiritual feelings and merciful souls, praise be to God, are in the utmost joy and gladness and should take refuge from all difficulties, interventions and opposition in reliance upon the Ancient Truth, seek recourse to the Great Announcement, remain firm in the mighty Covenant, walk the straight path, and not interfere in political affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1911 ca., to Ilyas Kashani -- AB01970)
94

The friends of God must conduct themselves with complete calm and composure, not interfering in political affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1907-Jul-11 ca., to Baha'is of Tihran -- AB02279)
95

Never interfere in political matters.

The divine friends acted accordingly and did not interfere in affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Muhammad Taqi son of Ali Akbar (Khurasan) -- AB00942)
96

The loved ones of God, praise be to God, acted with utmost composure and did not interfere in political matters.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Nov-09, to Ali Muhammad Sarrishtihdar -- AB02686)
97

But praise be to God, the Baha'is fulfilled their duties and never entered into corruption nor interfered in political affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Jun-11 in Paris -- ABU1602)
98

All regions testify that this community is pure and innocent of political matters, and the Ancient Beauty - may my spirit be sacrificed for His loved ones - in all Tablets, Scriptures, Books and Treatises explicitly forbade the loved ones from involvement in political affairs and commanded all to obedience, submission, truthfulness and service to sovereigns.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Ustad Ali Akbar Banna Yazdi -- AB11836)
99

We never interfered in political affairs, for Baha'u'llah has explicitly forbidden us from involvement in political matters.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1911-Jul-02 -- AB12113)
100

Regarding the honored person, if possible, confidentially emphasize to them that the Baha'is took absolutely no part in these upheavals and demonstrated their goodwill and loyalty to the government with the utmost steadfastness.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Azizullah Varqa -- AB12447)
101

I write this very confidentially: Some government officials suspect and imagine that you report Iran's affairs to foreign powers and have thereby gained favor with foreigners. If this were true, it would be contrary to the definitive commands of the Manifest Light.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1905 ca., to Azizullah Varqa -- AB12168)
102

Regarding the matter thou didst write about - that the opponents aim to accuse the Baha'is - glory be to God! Could such a calumny be possible? No, by God! For according to the decisive sacred texts we are commanded to obey the present government and we have absolutely no involvement in political affairs and express no opinions thereon. We are commanded to spiritual matters which pertain to the realm of morals and conduct. We have no quarrel with anyone and no dispute with any soul.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1907-Jun-22, to Ali-Akbar Rawhani Muhibulsultan -- AB01483)
103

Thus all that should not have happened did happen and still the wayward people are heedless and unaware. Verses and warnings are futile. However, the beloved of God, guided by the divine teachings, estranged from any dispute and political intrigue, were safe and protected.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1919-Apr-01, to Mirza Musa Hakimbashi -- AB00805)
104

This preservation, protection, security and comfort was due to the blessing of the sacred teachings, whereby the friends of God in no region interfered in political affairs, but rather spent their time in supplication and prayer, turning to the glorious Kingdom, striving for the good of all, serving humanity, experiencing spiritual attractions and divine inspirations.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1919-Jul-30, to Baha'is of Balakhan -- AB00856)
105

Therefore, if the friends remain aloof, they will be safe, and this will become a cause of honor and a source of confidence for all governments.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1913-Nov-05, to Ibn-i-Abhar -- AB09517)
106

My point is that, the Baha'is of Iran live in peace because I have repeatedly written that they should not interfere in political matters. Praise be unto God that they never intervened and are now in safety. And if some did meddle in politics, then they alone suffered the consequences. Repeatedly and successively, I have written to the friends of God in Iran not to breathe a word about politics, even should they be slaughtered.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to the friends spoken in Dec. 1907 -- ABU0887)
107

The believers, therefore, have been categorically forbidden to participate in these affairs, and have distanced themselves from corruption.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1912-Dec-27 in London -- ABU3710)
108

Following the [Persian Constitutional] revolution up to the present time, the people of Persia have made repeated attempts to elect people and form consulative assemblies, but these efforts have borne no fruit. They have only thrown the nations affairs into greater disarray and further agitated the tumult of the masses. This time is no different from the past. In such a case as this, however much the Baha'is keep their distance from this unrest, busying themselves instead with serving the Cause of God and spreading His sweet savours, it will leave them that much more untroubled.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken in Ramleh, 1913 -- ABU3727)
109

The favors of the Blessed One have made the friends dear even to their enemies. In Iran there were all these revolutions, praise be to God the divine friends did not interfere in any revolution...

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to some students, spoken on 1915-Jun-29 -- ABU2569)

The available source contains an omission or incomplete wording; sentence boundaries need review.

110

We have nothing to do with political tricks and chicaneries. All the nations and governments of the world are harbouring these thoughts, are flying in this devitalizing atmosphere.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to some Persian Baha'is, spoken on 1913-Oct-23 -- ABU1998)
111

On the contrary, those who were absorbed by personal interests or political affairs degraded not only themselves but their associates.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Dec-09 in Akka -- ABU2036)
112

That which is an essential prerequisite of faith and certitude to abstain from interference in party politics and to sacrifice thine all in the path of the Lord of Lords....

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Ali Muhammad Sarrishtihdar -- AB00843)

The available source contains an omission or incomplete wording; sentence boundaries need review.

113

They should never mention political matters in the consultative assembly. … If anyone wishes to speak a word about government actions or criticize those in authority, others should not agree, for the Cause of God has absolutely no connection with political matters, neither now nor before. Political matters pertain to those in authority.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1897 ca., to Spiritual Assembly of Tihran -- AB01526)
114

Likewise, that spiritual gathering must strictly avoid interference in political matters that concern the local government. They must not even breathe a word about political affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Lawh-i-Mahfil-i-Shawr?, 1904-Jan-24, to Baha'is of Bombay -- AB00394)
115

Fifth is preventing all from that which causes sedition and corruption, complete non-interference in political affairs, refraining from conversation in this regard even to the slightest degree, and indicating submission in all conditions and tranquility and love and friendship with all.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Lawh-i-Mahfil-i-Shawr?, 1897 ca., to Spiritual Assembly of Tihran -- AB01545)
116

Never speak about political affairs, as this is outside your duties. Those matters belong to the rulers and political parties - you have absolutely no connection with them. The duty of the Spiritual Assembly is spiritual matters and complete abstention from discussion of political affairs, even in reporting them.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1902-Nov-25, to Spiritual Assembly of Kashan et al -- AB02608)
117

These are the fundamental aims and purposes of these assemblies, and additionally some spiritual matters that have no connection to government and politics can be consulted upon and decisions made.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Jun-23, to Rahim son of Khalil Tabib Arjumand -- AB03371)
118

The Hands of the Cause of God must now have permanent membership in this spiritual assembly, for it is spiritual and not political in nature.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Spiritual Assembly of Tihran -- AB11384)
119

The signature of that meeting should be the Spiritual Gathering (House of Spirituality) and the wisdom therein is that hereafter the government should not infer from the term "House of Justice" that a court is signified, that it is connected with political affairs, or that at any time it will interfere with governmental affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1902-Jun-14, to Spiritual Assembly of Chicago, IL -- AB03141)
120

The dissolution of that meeting was because it had been whispered secretly among strangers that this meeting was political.

Therefore, the members of that meeting should be extremely happy that 'Abdu'l-Baha dealt with those souls without fear or compromise.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1913-Nov-14, to Muhammad Hashim Kashani -- AB08290)
121

This Convention will expand in the future and will surpass all conventions of the world, for it is a heavenly Convention, it is divine, its foundation is love and kindness and the promotion of the oneness of the human world and non-interference in political affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1919-Jul-18, to Amy Williams -- AB07504)
122

However, mention of political matters in public meetings is absolutely not permitted, as it is harmful to the Cause of God, for we are completely forbidden from involvement in political affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1913-Aug-04, to Lotfullah S Hakim -- AB12204)
123

Be most careful about matters of politics. Do not mention it. Our Cause is not political.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to editors of Star of the West, spoken on 1912-May-01 -- ABU2195)
124

Regarding what you wrote about that newspaper - beware, beware that it should write a single word against the government, for this would cause severe consequences and great harm in this world and the next, and would damage the very foundation, since it is explicitly forbidden by definitive text, and opposition to the divine text causes total loss, especially at this time and in this situation.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Siyyid Ali Yazdi Husband of Hubbiyyih -- AB11939)
125

As for the book you are writing, send me a copy of it, but you must avoid politics because we are completely forbidden from expressing opinions about or becoming involved in matters related to politics.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1918-Dec-14, to J E Esslemont -- AB04975)
126

In any case, with perfect ease and freedom, purity and simplicity, and leisure, occupy yourself with composing a divine political history, and let its foundation be the neutrality and non-interference of the divine friends in this political tempest - that they remained aloof from all parties and were averse to any partisanship.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Muhammad Ali Khan Baha'i -- AB06200)
127

Thou hadst inquired concerning the question of constitutional government. We have no intervention in political affairs; nay rather, our concern is with the heart and the soul, and our endeavor is to exalt moral character and to guide souls unto the horizon of divine guidance.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1907-Nov-12, to Mahmud Kirmani -- AB01448)
128

We have no interest in being involved in political matters. We have no attachment to these issues. … We do not become involved in or interfere with political affairs.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1906-Dec-22, to Haji Mirza Muhammad Yazdi Alaqihband -- AB03382)
129

Multiple letters have been received from you asking about what commands the successful leaders and authorities are giving regarding a certain matter, and what is the divine command in this regard, inquiring of 'Abdu'l-Baha. However, by the decisive divine text we absolutely do not interfere in political matters. Therefore, answering this question is beyond the duty and obligation of these wanderers. This issue belongs to the political realm and relates to His Majesty's government.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1903 ca., to Gul-Surkh Khanum Imami Azami (Faizih) -- AB01872)
130

As for the matter of the division of the Red Sea, this is from political affairs. We are engaged with matters of the Kingdom, and you too should walk this path.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1920-Dec-19, to Charles M Hanson -- AB02761)
131

Do ye not refer regarding any mater in these days to the President of the Republic. Do ye not give him any inconvenience.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1918-Dec-30, to Juliet Thompson -- AB04423)
132

However, if bank officials make inquiries about governmental affairs and seek such information, respond with utmost sincerity saying that we are absolutely forbidden by explicit text from interfering in governmental matters and never discuss or intervene in matters of government. … It is incumbent upon us to show you the utmost truthfulness, trustworthiness and consideration, and assist as much as possible in commercial matters, but we do not interfere in political affairs.

… Among these, interference in governmental affairs is abrogated by the text of the Book of Aqdas.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Usku'i, Haydar Ali (Son of Karbala'i Hasan of Matanih) -- AB12207)
133

Say, ye are commanded to speak not a single word of evil against any one nor against the Government.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to departing pilgrims spoken in June 1906 -- ABU1564)
134

O handmaid of the Lord! Speak thou no word of politics; thy task concerneth the life of the soul, for this verily leadeth to man's joy in the world of God. Except to speak well of them, make thou no mention of the earth's kings, and the worldly governments thereof. Rather, confine thine utterance to spreading the blissful tidings of the Kingdom of God, and demonstrating the influence of the Word of God, and the holiness of the Cause of God. Tell thou of abiding joy and spiritual delights, and godlike qualities, and of how the Sun of Truth hath risen above the earth's horizons: tell of the blowing of the spirit of life into the body of the world....

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Laura Dreyfus-Barney -- AB07020)

The available source contains an omission or incomplete wording; sentence boundaries need review.

135

It is in no wise permissible to speak about worldly matters and whatsoever pertaineth thereunto, or about the leaders that govern them.

(Bahá’u’lláh, Suriy-i-Dhabih (= Lawh-i-Dhabih), 1290 ? [1873-1874], to Dhabih -- BH00513)
136

Thou hast asked whether to enlist in the Socialist party. The Baha'is must be in the Baha'i Cause which comprehends all the degrees and is perfect from every standpoint.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1912-Aug-26, to Mary Shuster -- AB11555)
137

But it was written to all that they must show complete obedience to the government and remain neutral and show kindness to all parties but never interfere in disputes and conflicts. … In any case, the divine friends must completely abstain from interference, and whoever interferes in political matters even with a single word will surely fall into great difficulties, for they will have violated the divine text. You should prohibit everyone from interference. We maintain our original position and absolutely no change or alteration will occur in our thought or view.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Apr-09, to Azizullah Varqa -- AB12134)

Further quotations · supplied wording and references

138

If a Baha'i works for one political party to overcome another it is a negation of the very spirit of the Faith. Membership in any political party, therefore, necessarily entails repudiation of some or all of the principles of peace and unity proclaimed by Baha'u'llah. … If a Baha'i were to insist on his right to support a certain political party, he could not deny the same degree of freedom to other believers. This would mean that within the ranks of the Faith, whose primary mission is to unite all men as one great family under God, there would be Baha'is opposed to each other. Where, then, would be the example of unity and harmony which the world is seeking?

M63-86 77.4 (8 Feb. 1970 from the Universal House of Justice)

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

139

It [rectitude of conduct] must characterize the attitude of every loyal believer towards nonacceptance of political posts, nonidentification with political parties, nonparticipation in political controversies, and nonmembership in political organizations and ecclesiastical institutions.

ADJ.026

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

140

And this principle is no other than that which involves the non-participation by the adherents of the Faith of Baha'u'llah, whether in their individual capacities or collectively as local or national Assemblies, in any form of activity that might be interpreted, either directly or indirectly, as an interference in the political affairs of any particular government.... Theirs is the duty to demonstrate, on one hand, the nonpolitical character of their Faith, and to assert, on the other, their unqualified loyalty and obedience to whatever is the considered judgment of their respective governments.

WOB.063-064

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

Sentence boundary needs source review; the supplied wording is retained.

141

...we must do two things -- shun politics like the plague, and be obedient to the government in power in the place where we reside. We cannot start judging how a particular government came into power, and therefore whether we should obey it or not. This would immediately plunge us into politics. We must obey in all cases except where a spiritual principle is involved such as denying our Faith. For these spiritual principle we must be willing to die.

LG#1453 (21 Dec. 1948 on behalf of Shoghi Effendi)

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

Sentence boundary needs source review; the supplied wording is retained.

142

Let them proclaim that in whatever country they reside, and however advanced their institutions, or profound their desire to enforce the laws, and apply the principles, enunciated by Baha'u'llah, they will, unhesitatingly, subordinate the operation of such laws and the application of such principles to the requirements and legal enactments of their respective governments. Theirs is not the purpose, while endeavoring to conduct and perfect the administrative affairs of their Faith, to violate, under any circumstances, the provisions of their country's constitution, much less to allow the machinery of their administration to supersede the government of their respective countries.

WOB.065-66

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

143

As for the statement made by Shoghi Effendi in his letter of 21 Mar. 1932, the well-established principles of the Faith concerning the relationship of the Baha'i institutions to those of the country in which the Baha'is reside make it unthinkable that they would ever purpose to violate a country's constitution or so to meddle in its political machinery as to attempt to take over the powers of government. This is an integral element of the Baha'i principle of abstention from involvement in politics. However, this does not by any means imply that the country itself may not, by constitutional means, decide to adopt Baha'i laws and practices and modify its constitution or method of government accordingly.

M86-01 201.7 (27 Apr. 1995 on behalf of the Universal House of Justice)

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

144

Regarding the question raised in your letter, Shoghi Effendi believes that for the present the Movement, whether in the East or the West, should be dissociated entirely from politics. This was the explicit injunction of 'Abdu'l-Baha... Eventually, however, as you have rightly conceived it, the Movement will, as soon as it is fully developed and recognized, embrace both religious and political issues. In fact Baha'u'llah clearly states that affairs of state as well as religious questions are to be referred to the House of Justice into which the Assemblies of the Baha'is will eventually evolve.

(30 Nov. 1930 on behalf of Shoghi Effendi, quoted here)

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

Sentence boundary needs source review; the supplied wording is retained.

145

The Baha'is must remain non-partisan in all political affairs. In the distant future, however, when the majority of a country have become Baha'is then it will lead to the establishment of a Baha'i State.

(19 Apr. 1941 on behalf of Shoghi Effendi, in a letter dated 27 Apr. 1995 on behalf of the Universal House of Justice, quoted here)

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

146

From certain quarters, for a number of decades, there have been repeated attempts to import into the Baha'i Administration the concept that it is desirable and proper to bring about change in the community by forming a constituency of like-minded believers to bring pressure to bear on the elected Assemblies. Such a concept is very similar to the formation of parties and factions which is an accepted and familiar feature of many representative democracies. It is, however, wholly antithetical to the spirit of Baha'i Administration, and would distort its nature and undermine that unity which the Covenant is designed to preserve.

(2 Dec. 1995 on behalf of the Universal House of Justice)

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

147

Much as the friends must guard against in any way ever seeming to identify themselves or the Cause with any political party, they must also guard against the other extreme of never taking part with other progressive groups, in conferences or committees designed to promote some activity in entire accord with our teachings--such as, for instance, better race relations.

LG#1815 (21 Nov. 1948 on behalf of Shoghi Effendi)

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

148

Fully aware of the repeated statements of 'Abdu'l-Baha that universality is of God, Baha'is in every land are ready, nay anxious, to associate themselves by word and deed with any association of men which, after careful scrutiny, they feel satisfied is free from every tinge of partisanship and politics and is wholly devoted to the interests of all mankind.

BA.026

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

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For thought and discussion

Questions to carry forward

  1. What forms of constructive social service do these readings place alongside abstention from party conflict?
  2. How do the passages distinguish public responsibility, official duties, and voting from factional allegiance?
  3. How does knowledge of persecution and political upheaval affect the reading of particular instructions?
  4. What similarities and differences emerge between First Peter’s account of civic conduct and the responsibilities described here?
  5. How might impartial goodwill be practiced when groups around a person are sharply opposed?
  6. What would enable cooperation for shared aims while protecting the unity and independence of a religious community?
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