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Empty learning: when words must become life

empty learning; false spirituality

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Editorial introduction

People know the name of the Lamp, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá once remarked, and repeat it constantly, without the least idea that a lamp is meant to give light. Learning can fail in exactly that way, and so can worship. Bahá’u’lláh draws the line sharply: sciences that begin with words and end with words have never been of any worth, while those that bear fruit for the well-being of people are acceptable to God. A man seats himself among the sandals by the door while coveting the seat of honour; another lays claim to inner knowledge and deeper knowledge hidden within it; a third washes the feet of all mankind and worships on every mountain, yet without sincerity none of it is accepted. The Dhammapada makes the same point with a herdsman counting another man’s cattle: reciting the teaching is not living it [1]. The invitation is demanding, to ask whether what we know has made us more useful, more truthful, more awake. The path continues through hypocrisy and pride, the claim to inner knowledge, and the question of what makes a religious practice sincere.

Selected passages

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01

Today, people know of Jesus Christ His name, His name without His realities or His qualities. Knowing only the name of the Lamp, they repeat it constantly, utterly unaware of the use of the lamp, and that it should give light.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to George Winterburn et al, spoken on 1904-Feb-06 -- ABU1318)
02

By "arts and sciences" is meant those which begin with words and end with words. Such arts and sciences, however, as are productive of good results, and bring forth their fruit, and are conducive to the well-being and tranquility of men have been, and will remain, acceptable before God.

(Bahá’u’lláh, Lawh-i-Ibn-i-Dhi'b (Epistle to the Son of the Wolf), 1308 ? [1891], to Muhammad Taqi Isfahani (son of the Wolf) -- BH00005)
03

The Great Being saith: The learned of the day must direct the people to acquire those branches of knowledge which are of use, that both the learned themselves and the generality of mankind may derive benefits therefrom. Such academic pursuits as begin and end in words alone have never been and will never be of any worth. The majority of Persia's learned doctors devote all their lives to the study of a philosophy the ultimate yield of which is nothing but words.

(Bahá’u’lláh, Lawh-i-Maqsud, 1299-02-29 [1882-Jan-20], to Mirza Maqsud -- BH00140)
04

Amongst the people is he who seateth himself amid the sandals by the door whilst coveting in his heart the seat of honour. Say: What manner of man art thou, O vain and heedless one, who wouldst appear as other than thou art?

… We have permitted you to read such sciences as are profitable unto you, not such as end in idle disputation; better is this for you, if ye be of them that comprehend.

… To none is it permitted to mutter sacred verses before the public gaze as he walketh in the street or marketplace; nay rather, if he wish to magnify the Lord, it behoveth him to do so in such places as have been erected for this purpose, or in his own home. This is more in keeping with sincerity and godliness.

(Bahá’u’lláh, Kitab-i-Aqdas (The Most Holy Book), 1290-05-15 [1873-Jul-11] -- BH00001)
05

Praise be to God that the Baha'is are trying to live those eternal principles and when they hold a rosary in their hands and repeat the Most Great Name they visualize before their eyes the divine characteristics of the Manifestation and strive to walk in his footsteps. If they gain this ideal benefit from the rosary, well and good, otherwise there will be no difference between their manner of their worship and other communities.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to Ahmad Sohrab, spoken on 1915-Mar-19 -- ABU1315)
06

My heart is in a continual state of thanksgiving, and so often those accustomed to this form say the words with the lips merely, and their hearts are far from being in a state of thanksgiving.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to Mary Lucas and other pilgrims, spoken on 1905-Feb-03 -- ABU3413)
07

Thereafter, efforts must be made to teach them sciences, crafts and knowledge to the extent possible, for without heavenly virtues and upright character, the mere acquisition of learning and arts will not suffice and will not prevent moral corruption and the harms of self and passion, but rather will become the cause of promoting false thoughts and a means of strengthening personal interests, unless accompanied by divine education.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1912-Dec-27 in London -- ABU2705)
08

Conversely, if a person is deprived of divine virtues and spiritual education, their knowledge becomes an instrument of oppression - in the political realm turning celebration into battle, demolishing and destroying the foundation of comfort; in the religious realm promoting unsound opinions and false traditions, causing enmity and discord between human souls.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Jun-05 in Paris -- ABU1249)
09

If, then, the pursuit of knowledge lead to the beauty of Him Who is the Object of all Knowledge, how excellent that goal; but if not, a mere drop will perhaps shut a man off from flooding grace, for with learning cometh arrogance and pride, and it bringeth on error and indifference to God.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1907-Dec-14, to Abdu'l-Hamid Khan -- AB03423)
10

Many souls spent years in worship, acquired knowledge, became versed in arts and sciences, passed their time in contemplation, and yearned for mystical revelations. Yet despite this, as their intentions were not pure, they remained deprived and were defeated in the arena of divine knowledge.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1903 ca., to Aqa Ali Akbar et al -- AB04012)
11

The affliction of the world comes from the ignorant one who adorns himself with the ornament of knowledge and makes a show of it, for he forbids the helpless servants from that which benefits them and commands them to that which harms them.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1298-09 [1881-Jul], to Mashhadi Haydar -- BH07274)
12

When intelligent and learned people see these imitations and customs as being contrary to reason and knowledge they forsake the divine religion and are not aware that these are idle fancies of the leaders and have nothing to do with divine principles.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to the Baha'is, spoken on 1912-Nov-13 -- ABU1366)
13

Trifling subjects which should not call for elaboration receive undue attention, to such an extent that students, over long periods of time, waste their minds and their energies on material that is pure supposition, in no way susceptible of proof, such study consisting in going deep into statements and concepts which careful examination would establish as not even unlikely, but rather as unalloyed superstition, and representing the investigation of useless conceits and the chasing of absurdities.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Madaniyyih (The Secret of Divine Civilization), 1875, to The People of Iran -- AB00004)
14

How great the results that would have appeared if these people [who were well-versed in Islamic jurisprudence and doctrine] had practised that kind of hair-splitting on matters of actual importance! To what avail did they spend all the days of their lives on sciences and subjects that begin with words and end with words? Their endeavours bore no other fruit but this.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-May-29 in Paris -- ABU3747)
15

The science of jafr had currency in the Qur'anic Dispensation, but its derived principles were unknown, therefore correct results were not obtained. But in this Dispensation all are commanded not to pursue matters that do not yield great results.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1920-Feb-26, to Gushtasb Rustam brother of Sifidvash -- AB07261)
16

However, the obsolete and futile disciplines of "usulism" are not useful. They cause confusion and madness. One should not waste time on them.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1903 ca., to Hasan Muallim -- AB03935)
17

In Persia, however, in that time such sciences had prevalence which were mere imaginations, but their names were great. They had termed them Hekmat-i-Eshrakieh (a system of old philosophies). The people would busy themselves in the studying of these sciences and would take pains for thirty to forty years. At the end they would realize that their studies consisted of mere superstition and pure nonsense. Those helpless souls (students) would become disappointed and discouraged.

...

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1920-Dec-12 -- AB01884)

The available source contains an omission or incomplete wording; sentence boundaries need review.

18

Take the example of the theological students of the University of Al-Azar. They spend all their lives in that institution with no visible result. When a young man enters a Western college he comes out after a few years, either an engineer, or electrician, or architect, or physician, or any of the many technical and practical professions; but these good-for nothing students of Azhar waste their wonderful lives and are a heavy burden on the shoulder of the state. This is a crime! An unpardonable sin!"

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Nov-12 in Port Said -- ABU1230)
19

All their theories and opinions have been useless and without result. They have made a trial of this, still they are not warned. They start in word and end in word. Their whole system of philosophy is based on speculations and conjectures, most unpractical and imaginary.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to Mirza Fazlollah Khan, spoken on 1915-Jan-29 -- ABU2632)
20

"Another time" he said "a theological poet wrote a book after several years of hardships and privations and took it to a learned man to be read and corrected. He read the book and found out that its contents are very much like the cobwebs of a spider or the phantasmal imaginations of a sickly brain. Therefore he marked the first and the last page; thus conveying the idea that the book is not worth correcting."

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Sep-02 in Ramleh -- ABU1882)
21

The son, then going up the platform took as his text one of the most difficult verses of the Khoran and round it collected many subtle interpretations, philosophic axioms etc. The audience was not only not moved but was bored at such a dry sermon that the people instead listening to him began to speak amongst themselves.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken at Ritz Hotel in Budapest, 1913-Apr-13 -- ABU0896)
22

One of them asked, "What is the meaning of the word, 'Musafir'?" Another responded that in Turkish it meant a guest. Yet a third replied, "This is evident, and there is no need to ask. Musafir is a derivative of Israf. That is, when a musafir comes, then one's expenses will increase." I went into the other room and saw them busy with dancing and playing music.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken ca. 1915 -- ABU1213)
23

A hundred thousand gleaming pearls can emerge in an instant from the shell of reason and wisdom, displaying their radiance in the market of the jewelers of the Abha Kingdom.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1900 or < -- AB09874)
24

You must therefore free thoughts from the fetters that have chained the necks of the philosophers and sages of old without proof or evidence - mere confused dreams unsupported by any divine authority, like the mathematical theories of Ptolemy the Wise built upon conjecture and fancy, which they claimed explained causes and expounded reasons with definitive benefit, until God revealed the truth and lifted the veils from the reality of mysteries, manifest as the sun at high noon. Verily those thoughts were confused dreams, conjectures and fancies.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1906-Aug-02, to Mulla Abdu'llah Fadil Zarqani (Rafi) -- AB00289)
25

God hath made conjecture in all the Tablets a manifest sin. God may forgive you for what ye have earned for yourselves before this day -- verily He is forgiving and merciful toward those who turn unto Him.

(The Báb, Qayyumu'l-Asma' (Commentary on the Surah of Joseph), 1260-05 [1844-May] -- BB00002)
26

"Some people" he said "are like unto the spiders. The more you [tear] to pieces their cobwebs of imagination and imitations the greater will it become their zeal to spin again.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Aug-17 in Ramleh -- ABU2624)
27

What captives of superstitions people are! What troubles they endure for the sake of name and fame! What fruit will these superstitions bear! All are transitory and perishable and no trace of them will remain. It will be as though they had never existed. They are sowing seeds in a barren land. Man ought to sow pure seeds in a fertile soil, not in infertile lands.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to the Master's entourage, spoken on 1912-Jul-29 -- ABU3015)
28

"The moldered, two-thousand-years-old superstitions of the heedless, ignorant peoples, whether of Asia or Europe, should not be spread in that revered gathering place; for, if such be the case, let it be known for certain that that assemblage will yield no result and will, before long, be forgotten and consigned to oblivion, similar to other meetings of bygone times.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to Sarah Farmer, Jun. 1906 -- ABU0821)
29

Just think of the perfect architectural plan of the bee which builds its hexagonal comb with such precision and exactitude that one is astonished. Its food is the extract of flowers and its independence is so complete that it does not require any assistance from others but it assists others by giving them a quantity of sweet honey. But man must study hard, many years and then labor right night and day in order to be able to build a house, prepare a table which may not be as perfect architecturally as the honey-comb; and a as luscious as honey; thus man desires to become as low in his ambition as the bees and ants.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to the friends, spoken at Baltimore Hotel on 1913-May-03 -- ABU0216)
30

Some souls forget this divine life and choose to dwell in obscurity, occupying themselves day and night with worldly hopes and desires, thinking that soon conditions will improve and so-and-so will advance and so-and-so will retreat, thus passing their precious lives.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1901 or <, to Ali Muhammad Khan Tabib -- AB01727)
31

Such souls are like cold iron that is never affected by anything - even under hammer and anvil they show no effect, seek no realization, no thought, no depth of understanding, and desire nothing but worldly livelihood.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1903 ca., to Mirza Siyyid Muhammad Nazimul-Hukama -- AB03375)
32

O thou who speakest in praise of God!

The tongue must needs have remembrance and the minds must needs have thought. However, remembrances and thoughts are diverse and different. Some people occupy themselves with remembrance of imaginary truths and shadowy reflections. When these vain imaginings disappear and these shadowy reflections set, they are left frustrated and at a loss.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Asadullah Shirazi -- AB08911)

The available source contains an omission or incomplete wording; sentence boundaries need review.

33

They that are the worshipers of the idol which their imaginations have carved, and who call it Inner Reality, such men are in truth accounted among the heathen.

(Bahá’u’lláh, Lawh-i-Shaykh Fani, to Shaykh Fani -- BH01850)
34

Therefore if he worships the 'cognition' of his mind as 'God,' he is not worshipping God, he is worshipping the product of his imagination. Then would it not be better to worship 'himself' because he will considered [sic] the 'creator' of that thought of God and as such he is greater and more substantial. We will then be reduced to self-worship and every one will be a god - a law unto himself - a worse system of polytheism than that of Greece, Rome and India! There will be as many Gods as there are human beings!

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to some Arab Muslims, spoken on 1915-Mar-15 -- ABU1086)
35

As to the station of annihilation according to the Sufis, they imagine that contingent reality can be divested of its temporality and become endowed with the attributes of the Ancient One, like iron and fire, wherein the iron is divested of its characteristic nature and the quality of fire becomes manifest and evident in it. They claim this station is attained through spiritual disciplines and wayfaring, and they imagined its manifestation within themselves through fancy, thus declaring "I am the Truth." Yet the temporal cannot be divested of temporality, which is essential to its nature, for that which is essential cannot be separated from the essence of a thing.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1911-Jan-01, to Fazlullah Banan -- AB00235)
36

Speaking about the fantastic hyperboles of the Suffists as regards the projection of spirit out of the body and even the transference of the body from one place to another the Master told this story which is recorded in the Sufi literature and believed as possible by many devotees.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to some visitors, spoken at Rue St. Didier 30 on 1913-Feb-27 -- ABU1478)
37

Sometimes people imagine that they leave the body and travel in the sky, then return to the body. They think so. In India they are full of these ideas, and these are the cause of their downfall--because of their imaginations.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Dec-29 in Haifa -- ABU2279)
38

O Ali! A group was present and gathered in that place and, by the One True God, it was witnessed that one of those souls repeatedly struck himself against stone, clod, and wall for more than four hours until there was fear of his demise, and afterward fell unconscious upon the ground and for about two hours had absolutely no awareness. And they count such actions among the miracles. God is quit of them and we are quit of them. Verily thy Lord is the All-Knowing, the All-Informed. He knoweth the treachery of eyes and what is hidden in the breasts of all beings.

(Bahá’u’lláh, ca. 1289-1290?, to Ali Akbar et al -- BH00244)
39

Among the people are those who claim they would cast themselves into the fire. Say: Cast thyself into the light, if thou be of them that know. We have servants throughout the world who perform greater deeds than they claim. We have left them to their vain imaginings - they are indeed of the distracted ones.

(Bahá’u’lláh, ca. 1289-1290?, to Haj Abdur-Rahim -- BH05087)
40

O Ali! There are and have been people in the climes of India who have denied themselves food and drink, have found companionship with wild beasts, and spend their nights and days in arduous spiritual exercises, constantly engaged in remembrance. Nevertheless, not one of these souls is mentioned in the presence of God, even though they count themselves among the pillars, stakes and unique ones of the earth.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1290 ca., to Ali -- BH00672)
41

O thou who art the Ornament of the Mystics!

There are many worshippers and countless ascetics, yet few are truly wakeful to divine knowledge. One spends day and night in bowing and prostration, another lies dormant in the corner of piety and asceticism, another remains in the well of nature, heedless of the moon in the heights of truth, while yet another wanders occupied in the gardens of mathematical science, oblivious to the light of divine unity and the manifestation of the divine identity.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá -- AB09393)

The available source contains an omission or incomplete wording; sentence boundaries need review.

42

Consider how many souls claimed knowledge and, in their own imagination, followed the spiritual path for years, yearning for the vision of a great one and awaiting the dawning of lights. They believed the sun of truth was manifest in mineral, plant and animal. From thorns they claimed to smell the fragrance of the rose garden, and from poison they claimed to taste the supreme honey.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Mirza Jalalid-Din Khan Nazim -- AB01254)
43

Furthermore, consider the mystical knowledge of previous mystics. By My life, all wander in the wilderness of delusions and are immersed in the ocean of idle fancies.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1292-06-19 [1875-Jul-23], to Mulla Husayn brother of Ridar-Ruh -- BH01733)
44

This one was found intoxicated by the dregs from the chalice of illuminist philosophy; that one was lost in the wilderness of theosophy and vain imaginings. A third had sunk to the ocean depths of such learning as can only lead to insanity and still another was trapped in the wasted labyrinth of traditional allusions and signs. It became evident, then, that all their pretensions and claims had been false and insincere, that their yearnings were naught but pure fantasy.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1894 ca., to Mirza Abbas -- AB04061)
45

O seeker of truth! Those souls who counted themselves among the people of truth and considered themselves discoverers of mysteries and secrets have grown cold and withered at the obstacle of unconsciousness, and like the dead have crept disappointed, frustrated and hopeless into the pit of contemplation and mystical unveiling. You who neither claimed gnosis nor pretended knowledge of the secrets of truth have, praise be to God, attained and reached that which was the ultimate hope of true mystics.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1910-Feb-20, to Ibrahim Attar (Kirman) -- AB06819)
46

O thou who art aware of the mysteries of the Day of Resurrection!

The mystics have been gathered in the company of the ignorant, and those who claimed knowledge and truth have crept behind the veil of heedlessness.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Abdu'l-Ali -- AB08295)

The available source contains an omission or incomplete wording; sentence boundaries need review.

47

Most dervishes wander in the valley of heedlessness, save a few who, through the grace of the All-Merciful, have in this spiritual springtime been adorned with luminous robes. Despite their claims to maturity and mystical knowledge, most of this group remain veiled.

(Bahá’u’lláh, ca. 1289-1290?, to Rayhan -- BH08811)
48

For example, observe how some superstitious people from India gathered there, what fruit was produced and what benefit was gained except the spread of superstitions?

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1908-Dec-15, to Ella Thorington Nash -- AB03334)
49

They have many fantastic dogmas, wild in their improbabilities and impossible in their applications. For example, it is said that they believe that in the uttermost part of China there are many cities, each one of which are inhabited by many millions of people. These cities are covered with vast revolving domes etc etc. The Jews also have a belief as regard the city of Sabbath which is very large and inhabited only by the children and the descendents of Moses. This city is surrounded by a broad river of moving sand, which defies all entrance therein.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to the friends, spoken on 1915-Feb-01 -- ABU0761)
50

The Chinese held a superstition that if they burn certain pieces of paper this will drive the devils away; they sometimes burnt these pieces of paper on board ships when they were travelling in order to drive away devils, and by so doing they set fire to the ships and destroyed many lives. This was a type of dangerous and harmful superstition.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken in Sep. 1911 in London -- ABU2117)
51

Many religious leaders have grown to think that the importance of religion lies mainly in the adherence to a collection of certain dogmas and the practice of rites and ceremonies! Those whose souls they profess to cure are taught to believe likewise, and these cling tenaciously to the outward forms, confusing them with the inward truth.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1911-Nov-12 in Paris -- ABU0493)
52

To most men who have not heard the message of this teaching, religion seems an outward form, a pretence, merely a seal of respectability. Some priests are in holy office for no other reason than to gain their living. They themselves do not believe in the religion they pretend to teach.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken in Sep. 1911 in London -- ABU1105)
53

In this Day all the temples, mosques, churches and synagogues have become gathering-places of entertainment. Although they mention the name of God and spend time ostensibly in prayer and in communion and in fellowship with each other, in truth they are heedless of the actual Truth, are immersed in selfish lusts and desires, are occupied with their private fancies and aspirations. Their hearts are not pure and their souls are not radiant. They do not implore God with real sincerity nor pray to Him with true fervour. They do not develop spiritual sensibilities or attraction of conscience nor any real cordiality or genuine fellowship.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Apr-05, to Crolin Weinman -- AB05244)
54

It is very strange to see how man is ever prompt to associate worship and prayer with certain forms of amusements and pastimes!

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to the friends, spoken on 1914-Jul-18 -- ABU2271)
55

Verily, the people who rejoice in the day of the feast and enjoyed the tree (which) was decorated, following the custom of ancient times, are the people of superstitions. By the Majesty of thy Lord! Were they in the time of Christ, they would turn their backs and would not behold His smiling, glorious face; but today they in the shallow waters of their superstitions without discretion.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1903-Jun-22, to Sarah J Farmer -- AB03530)
56

They derive no benefit, for they know not Christ and, imitating their forebears and ancestors, raise a lifeless cry and worship their own vain imaginings.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Kalimi, Khudabakhsh father of Habib Muayyid -- AB09336)
57

For many years I have sinned against God and his servants. I have ransacked the houses, orphaned the children, burned the hearts and have committed all kinds of iniquities. Is the government of God so child-like as to forgive all my past sins with the repetition of a mere formula? Is his system of dispensing justice so loose? Be gone! Thou ignorant Mullah! Thou art telling me all these things to get ten Piastres as thy fee.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1913-Aug-22 in Ramleh -- ABU1292)
58

"Once a learned man journeyed to see me to receive my blessing, saying he knew and comprehended the Baha'i teachings.

… He instantly flared with indignation and strode angrily about the room.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken in Sep. 1911 in London -- ABU1244)
59

He went again to the shop of the mentioned person and saw a man with a thick mustache and two beardless youths attending him. He thought to himself that this person was truly dissolute.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken on 1915-Aug-03 in Haifa -- ABU1081)
60

Be thou of the people of hell-fire, but be not a hypocrite.

Be thou an unbeliever, but be not a plotter.

Make thy home in taverns, but tread not the path of the mischief-maker.

Fear thou God, but not the priest.

Give to the executioner thy head, but not thy heart.

Let thine abode be under the stone, but seek not the shelter of the cleric.

(Bahá’u’lláh, to Bagum Khanum -- BH10203)
61

He knows not that an ugly jackal, though it tarry long in the dye-vat, will never sprout peacock plumes nor crow like the cock of paradise. And the divine mystics are not captivated by colored skins, but rather seek spiritual radiance and the melody of the All-Merciful.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1901 or <, to Aqa Karim Burujirdi Bazzaz -- AB04315)
62

O eloquent poet, the poets of the world mostly spoke and composed contrary to reality, hence the famous saying "the greatest of them are the biggest liars" and in the Qur'an it states "And the poets - [only] the deviators follow them." For their odes and praises are words without meaning, glass without a lamp, body without soul.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1908-Jun-02, to Mustafa Shirazi -- AB05836)
63

They mumble about sciences while remaining veiled from the effacement of the imaginary and the clarity of the known. They mutter about arts but know not what they say, as if they were parrots or the calf that had a hollow sound.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1911-Jun ca., to Haji Mirza Siyyid Ali Fadil Isfahani -- AB07034)
64

O wayfarer on the path of guidance! A hundred thousand spiritual guides appeared in the world, each claiming guidance and salvation and asceticism and success. They were wandering in the valley of error while claiming to show the way. They were wolves who appeared in shepherds' clothing. They were the darkness of misguidance while the name of the light of guidance was upon their tongues.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to Murshid Aqa -- AB06225)
65

Beware of such people who come to you in sheep's clothing; outwardly they are as harmless as the gentle lambs, but inwardly they are as venomous as the deadly cobras.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words to a Persian friend, spoken on 1914-May-27 -- ABU1045)
66

Strange it is that, despite such deeds, the divines of these regions and territories do not accept one another, each counting himself to be the most accomplished and most pious. Destruction be upon them and upon those who follow them without clear proof, or evidence, or testimony, or reason!

(Bahá’u’lláh, to Aqa Sulayman Khan -- BH02814)
67

They have stretched forth their necks in hypocrisy and violated the Covenant and Testament. Among them are those who imagine that verses must end with 'All-Knowing' or 'All-Wise' or with an alif at their end, or with the addition of waw and nun to similar words, supposing these to be words which the All-Merciful has revealed in their hearts. Nay, by God! Rather has Satan inspired their hearts.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1293-09-03 [1876-Sep-22], to Zaynul-Muqarrabin et al -- BH00240)
68

Like in Islam, they will create an outward and inward aspect, and will claim there are outer and inner meanings, and through such pretexts will cause division and discord among the Baha'is.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Words spoken at Baltimore Hotel in Paris, 1913-May-13 -- ABU2842)
69

And regarding what you wrote about Mirza Abdullah and Mirza Sami' being in doubt - those souls have become confused by the fabricated traditions of the foolish.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1912-Jan-11, to Mirza Yusuf Khan Shirazi (Lisanul-Hudur) -- AB03568)
70

Despite this, a few crows have taken over the field and with their cawing and croaking have created such a disturbance in this meadow that they wish to turn this garden of the All-Merciful into a dark furnace, and this divine paradise into a satanic dungheap. They want to turn the grateful birds into despised vultures, and the zealous falcons into ungrateful crows. They wish to transform the parrots of the divine sugar-land into earthly graveyard crows, and turn the rose garden of inner meanings and truths into a thornfield of endless vices.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1897 ca., to Mirza Ali Ashraf Lahijani Andalib -- AB01496)
71

And the second rank is preoccupation with tales and stories and narratives and allusions and casting doubts into weak hearts.

Know this much: that whatever you hear that is other than the remembrance of the Ancient Beauty is meant to occupy with that which profits not and heedlessness from the remembrance of God.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1894 ca., to Haji Husayn Farashahi -- AB02396)
72

First, thou must purify thy heart from every principle thou hast received from thy scholars, for they have drawn from turbid springs flowing one into another, some rejecting others.

(The Báb, Tafsir-i-Hadith-i-Ma'rifati Nafs, 1261 [1844-1845] -- BB00098)
73

And surely those whom ye consider possessed of insight are ignorant ones who have made claims to knowledge and wisdom. Hearken unto the words of the Primal Point and Universal Manifestation Who said that the sifter of wheat of the land of Sad donned the garment of leadership though he had not studied a single letter of knowledge, while Shaykh Muhammad Hasan, who penned five hundred thousand verses in the practice of devotion unto God, produced not a single word that might deliver him from the fire in the Day of Resurrection.

(Bahá’u’lláh, Kitab-i-Badi', 1283 ca. [1866-1867], to Aqa Mirza Mihdi Rashti -- BH00004)
74

Now when the news of the decisions of the doctors and the outcry and clamor of the lawyers reached Zanjan, Mulla Muhammad-'Ali the divine, who was a man of mark possessed of penetrating speech, sent one of those on whom he could rely to Shiraz to investigate this matter. This person, having acquainted himself with the details of these occurrences in such wise as was necessary and proper, returned with some [of the Bab's] writings. When the divine heard how matters were and had made himself acquainted with the writings, notwithstanding that he was a man expert in knowledge and noted for profound research, he went mad and became crazed as was predestined: he gathered up his books in the lecture-room saying, "The season of spring and wine has arrived," and uttered this sentence: "Search for knowledge after reaching the known is culpable." Then from the summit of the pulpit he summoned and directed all his disciples [to embrace the doctrine], and wrote to the Bab his own declaration and confession.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Maqaliy-i-Shakhs Sayyah (A Traveller's Narrative), 1886 ca. -- AB00003)
75

O thou who art turned to the Beauty of the All-Merciful! Though outwardly thou art not among the learned and hast not acquired what the divines of the nations have gained, yet praise God that thou art established upon the throne of great success. The Most Exalted One, may the spirit of all existence be a sacrifice unto Him, hath said that although Shaykh Muhammad Hasan had written three volumes on jurisprudence, he remained deprived, while the wheat-cleaner of Isfahan donned the robe of jurisprudence.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1897 or <, to Kashani, Ghulam Ali father of Mihdi -- AB02918)
76

Mulla 'Ali of Kand, who carried volumes of books and for years acquired sciences and arts which, in his own estimation, others were incapable and powerless to acquire, did not attain to the recognition of God, glorified be His majesty, and remained fixed and established in his own error.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1306-02-12 [1888-Oct-18], to Rubabih daughter of Haji Muhammad Baqir Nabil -- BH10051)
77

It hath been observed that a person who spent numbered years acquiring outward knowledge, upon hearing the Divine Word, fled as "asses fleeing from a lion," for it is indeed difficult for him to lay down his burden.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1291-03 [1874-Apr], to wife of Jinab-i-Abd Qabl-i-Rahim -- BH01757)
78

He who has studied all branches of knowledge yet has failed to recognize Him Who is the Known is accounted as the most ignorant among men, and his name is not inscribed in the Preserved Tablet of glory. We have counseled all the manifestations of knowledge, one and all, not to hesitate in this Cause, even should they possess all the gems of wisdom and learning.

(Bahá’u’lláh, to Aqa Shaykh Sadiq -- BH01004)
79

How many a learned one hath been withheld by knowledge from the Sovereign of all knowledge, and how many an illiterate one hath quaffed the sealed wine through His Name, the Mighty, the Wondrous.

(Bahá’u’lláh, to Mashhadi Hasan -- BH06212)
80

He who tendeth sheep in the valleys and upon the mountains is, in the sight of God, superior to those who have perused the books of the world in the evenings and the mornings and during the nights and days.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1296 ? [1878-1879], to Amatu'llah Shirin Baji -- BH08188)
81

O foolish one! Know thou that he is truly learned who hath acknowledged My Revelation, and drunk from the Ocean of My knowledge, and soared in the atmosphere of My love, and cast away all else besides Me, and taken firm hold on that which hath been sent down from the Kingdom of My wondrous utterance. He, verily, is even as an eye unto mankind, and as the spirit of life unto the body of all creation.

(Bahá’u’lláh, Lawh-i-Burhan (= Lawh-i-Raqsha?), 1296 ? [1878-1879], to Shaykh Muhammad Baqir of Isfahan (The Wolf) et al -- BH00336)
82

Among them are those whom knowledge hath prevented from the Known One, and those whom vain imaginings have veiled from the horizon of certitude.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1292-05-19 [1875-Jun-23], to Ali Akbar -- BH07211)
83

Beware lest learning debar you from the Self-Subsisting or vain imaginings veil you from God, the Lord of all worlds.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1298-05 [1881-Mar], to Ibn-i-Abhar -- BH08489)
84

Say: O people! By God, that which had never appeared in creation hath now appeared, and the All-Merciful hath come with the kingdom of proof. Turn ye unto Him and follow not every veiled learned one.

(Bahá’u’lláh, to Mirza Siyyid Muhammad Nazimul-Hukama -- BH04383)
85

Those whom you have taken as men of learning are, by My life, worshippers of vain imaginings. They have no mention with God, the Mighty, the Praiseworthy.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1290-05 [1873-Jun], to Jinab-i-Siyyid Ja'far -- BH05498)
86

The ignorant ones of the earth who today are known as divines have been and continue to be the fountainhead of vain imaginings, except such as God hath willed, the Lord of the worlds.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1298-12-22 [1881-Nov-15], to Khalilullah Bayk -- BH07463)
87

Follow not those who lay claim to knowledge, for they have turned away from Him Who is known when He came with manifest sovereignty.

Blessed is the learned one who beholdeth the Truth with his own eyes and followeth that which he hath been commanded by God, the Mighty, the Loving.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1290-05 [1873-Jun], to Jinab-i-Aqa Siyyid Rida -- BH05838)
88

At all times and seasons the shrill voice of the Most Exalted Pen and the rustling of the Lote-Tree of the utmost boundary are raised up, yet the people of the mortal realm are deprived of hearing, for they have followed those who have ever been the dawning-places of idle fancies and vain imaginings. Many are the learned ones who are barred from true knowledge, while thou, through God's grace and loving-kindness, glory be to Him, hast attained unto it.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1303-06-24 [1886-Mar-30], to Shahrbanu wife of Khi Alif -- BH07045)
89

In the Persian tongue it is mentioned: Today the people of the Bayan are seen to be more veiled than all peoples and more remote than all nations. They have newly grasped at former traditions, saying at times that such and such a verse of the Qur'an states thus, and such and such a narrator has related thus, and how they pride themselves on mentioning former traditions.

(Bahá’u’lláh, to Dhabih (Haji Muhammad Isma'il Kashani) -- BH00646)
90

How many a worshipper hath worshipped God through nights and days, yet when the Lord of all men appeared, denied Him and followed every ignorant remote one. And how many of the learned and the mystics discoursed of knowledge and wisdom, yet when the All-Merciful came, turned away from Him - these are indeed among the heedless ones.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1291-03 [1874-Apr], to Haji Mirza Habib -- BH01492)
91

How many mystics who laid claim to mystical knowledge turned away when He Who conversed with God was seated upon the Throne of His Revelation, and thus found themselves deprived of the presence of the True Object of all knowledge.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1304-03-11 [1886-Dec-8], to Siyyid Muhammad Rida Shahmirzadi -- BH05356)
92

Consider the vain imaginings of the former people - how they were all deprived of the lights of the Dayspring of Manifestation and the Voice of the Speaker on Sinai.

(Bahá’u’lláh, to Haj Mirza Muhammad Husayn Afnan -- BH04781)
93

Whoso worships God through the drops of the sea and the sands of the desert and the leaves of the trees and their fruits, while remaining heedless of this Cause - such a one is among the idolaters, for his deeds have veiled him from Him through Whom all things were established in the Book.

(Bahá’u’lláh, ca. 1289-1290?, to Mulla Asadullah Rukn -- BH05148)
94

And for drowning there are diverse degrees: Among the people are those who are drowned in their hopes, and among them those in vain imaginings, and among them those in desire, and among them those in knowledge, and among them those in deeds.

(Bahá’u’lláh, ca. 1289-1290? -- BH07487)
95

Know thou that they who claim to be enraptured by any name save this Name are among the heedless ones. … Among them are those who worship idle fancies and perceive it not, imagining themselves to be among those who have attained the light of certitude.

(Bahá’u’lláh, ca. 1289-1290?, to Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikani (Haji Amin) -- BH05428)
96

It would be a pity if one possessed of insight and knowledge should still be illumined by the light of a setting star of idle fancies and seek enlightenment from the moon of imagination which is in eclipse.

(Bahá’u’lláh -- BH04709)
97

They seek after thorns and thistles - that is, vain imaginings and idle fancies - while turning away from the pearls of utterance, clinging instead to pebbles and date-stones.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1305 ? [1887-1888], to Abbas -- BH10707)
98

Say: We have abandoned vain imaginings unto you, and have taken what We were commanded in the Book of God, the All-Knowing, the All-Informed. Say: We have abandoned the carrion, inasmuch as the heavenly table hath been sent down from the heaven of the bounty of our Lord, the Mighty, the All-Praised.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1300-03-15 [1883-Jan-24], to Abdu'l-Karim -- BH06041)
99

Shatter the idols of vain imaginings to which the former people clung, and be not of the patient ones. There was no pulpit from which they did not deny the right of God and His Manifestation, and command the servants to that which caused the hearts of those near to God to lament.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1305-02-22 [1887-Nov-9], to Mulla Muhammad Husayn -- BH03119)
100

Take hold of the divine Books with the hand of certitude, and with a mighty arm shatter and cast down the idols of vain imaginings.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1301 ? [1883-1884], to Mulla Ahmad -- BH08024)
101

The books of the learned profit you not, nor do your ancient tales. Cast them behind you and hold fast unto this Book.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1296-05 [1879-Apr], to Haji Muhammad Husayn min Bad -- BH08385)
102

Those who follow vain imaginings are in doubt and hypocrisy. Blessed is the strong one who hath rent asunder the veils and cast behind him idle fancies.

(Bahá’u’lláh, ca. 1289-1290?, to Mulla Yahya Hidayati -- BH07883)
103

The sun of idle fancies hath been eclipsed and the orb of assurance hath dawned, for the All-Merciful hath come with His great glory.

… Cast aside vain imaginings - this is the day of divine disclosure and witnessing.

(Bahá’u’lláh, ca. 1289-1290? -- BH06291)
104

Cast aside the vain imaginings of the common folk and the conjectures of those whom God hath made worse than cattle, and gaze with penetrating vision upon this glorious cycle and new age.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1910-Nov or <, to Scholar -- AB00223)
105

For a long time this Wronged One has not been inclined towards scholarly investigation, nor is He now, for in the early years such learned matters were discussed as would suffice. Now this brief exposition that hath been set forth was solely out of consideration for you.

(Bahá’u’lláh, to Asad -- BH01252)
106

By the truth of My Self, thy letter which was in the Persian tongue is more beloved before God than the utterances of the deluded ones who day and night fancy themselves to have attained the stations of knowledge of the Lord of all creation. For today the purpose of all things is that the fragrance of the good-pleasure of the All-Merciful should waft from them. Whatever thing is deprived of this station is recorded before God as among the most worthless of things.

(Bahá’u’lláh, ca. 1289-1290?, to Musa known as Diya -- BH03013)
107

Among the people are those who cling to words while turning away from the Munificent One, and those who grasp at learning while remaining heedless of God, the Lord of what was and what shall be, and those who were stirred by the stirring of the breezes of the All-Merciful throughout creation and drew near, saying "I believe in Thee, O Lord of the seen and unseen!"

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1292-05-19 [1875-Jun-23], to Jinab-i-Na'ib -- BH08156)
108

Say: O My loved ones, reflect deeply upon the veils of glory and ever keep them before your eyes, lest perchance the glorified veils of idle fancy prevent you from the Court of Oneness.

(Bahá’u’lláh, ca. 1289-1290? -- BH10799)
109

O Lord, Lord! The darkness has intensified and the tents have collapsed upon the heads of the people. The veil of pride has prevented eyes from beholding the lights, and their hearts are sealed such that they can barely comprehend the mysteries. They plunge into the depths of denial and are absorbed in heedlessness and aversion, while imagining themselves to be the righteous ones. Lord, they are ignorant of their own ignorance, and vain imaginings have deceived them. They think these are sciences and arts that guide to the right path. O my God, they have learned words but remain veiled from the meanings and symbols in the scriptures and tablets.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1909-Mar-04, to Aqa Siyyid Ruknud-Din Asadabadi -- AB00715)
110

The lights of the highest heaven shine not beneath the earth, and the pure soul findeth not its dwelling in the layers of dust. The manifest light shineth from the highest horizon, and the brilliant lamp gloweth within the delicate glass. Therefore must every essence be sought in its mine, and every fruit be hoped for from its tree.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, 1896 ca., to Anvari Yazdi, Siyyid Mihdi son of Muhammad Baqir Yazdi -- AB08111)
111

The glory be upon thee and upon thy father and thine uncle and thy mother and thy two brothers and upon those who have cast aside vain imaginings and idle fancies, holding fast to the loving-kindness of the True One, the Knower of things unseen.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1301-01 [1883-Nov], to Muhammad Rida Qaini -- BH05423)
112

Cast aside all imaginings, then turn thy face toward thy Lord, the Mighty, the All-Knowing. He will verily protect thee in truth beneath the shadow of His protection. There is none other mighty save Him. His is the command and the creation, and all before Him are as a handful of clay.

(Bahá’u’lláh, 1290 [1873] or earlier, to Aqa Mirza Muhammad Taqi -- BH11743)

Further quotations · supplied wording and references

113

What Baha'u'llah meant primarily with "sciences that begin and end in words" are those theological treatises and commentaries that encumber the human mind rather than help it to attain the truth. The students would devote their life to their study but still attain no where. Baha'u'llah surely never meant to include story writing under such a category; and shorthand and typewriting are both most useful talents very necessary in our present social and economic life.

LG#1584 (30 Nov. 1932 on behalf of Shoghi Effendi)

Supplied quotation · catalogue passage not verified

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For thought and discussion

Questions to carry forward

  1. What does the lamp image suggest about the difference between knowing religious language and realizing its purpose?
  2. What kinds of benefit and fruit do these readings ask us to seek from learning, and how might these be recognized over time?
  3. How can a devotional practice deepen sincerity, and how can the same practice become a display or a substitute for change?
  4. How does Dhammapada 19–20 illuminate the gap between recitation and practice while retaining its Buddhist account of liberation?
  5. How can the sharp historical critiques be read without turning them into new claims of superiority over other people?
  6. What would help a learner remain open to evidence, correction, and the possibility that cherished knowledge has become a veil?
About this collection

A new window onto the Bahá'í Writings.

This site offers several different ways of exploring the original texts and translations attributed to the Central Figures of the Bahá'í Faith -- the Báb, Bahá’u’lláh, and ‘Abdu’l-Bahá -- that are accessible in the public domain. It is a personal project and accuracy is not guaranteed; please visit the official website at https://www.bahai.org/library for authenticated texts.

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