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Divine outpouring and the signs of being

holy and most holy outpouring [fayd-i-aqdas and fayd-i-muqaddas]

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Editorial introduction

Why is there anything at all? One answer in Bahá’u’lláh’s writings begins not with power but with love: a stirring of love within the hidden Essence, a Treasure that longed to be known and disclosed Itself to Itself, so that the archetypes of all things came into being. Everything that exists carries the trace of that generosity. Bahá’u’lláh insists that nothing can exist without the splendour of God shining within it and that a discerning eye finds every created thing testifying to its inner light; Paul had already said in Romans that the invisible qualities of God are apprehended through what has been made [1]. Yet the same teaching guards a boundary. The Essence Itself stays barred to every seeker, while the Prophets are the mirrors in which the divine names are faithfully reflected. Holding universal signs and an unreachable Presence together is the discipline this subject asks of us, and it leads on to God’s love for His own Essence, the difference between emanation and manifestation, and the bounty that pervades all things.

Selected passages

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01

And when that Hidden Essence revealed Its Essence to Its Essence and showed forth Its Self to Its Self, the Maiden of Love, which was veiled within the canopy of the Essence of Unity, arose and came forth.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Tafsir-i-Kuntu Kanzan Makhfiyyan (Commentary on the Hadith of the Hidden Treasure), 1868 or <, to Ali Shawkat Pasha -- AB00006)
02

Nay, were man to gaze with the eye of divine and spiritual discernment, he will readily recognize that nothing whatsoever can exist without the revelation of the splendor of God, the ideal King. Consider how all created things eloquently testify to the revelation of that inner Light within them.

… And were they to maintain that by "divine Presence" is meant the "Specific Revelation of God," expressed by certain Sufis as the "Most Holy Outpouring," if this be in the Essence Itself, it is evident that it hath been eternally in the divine Knowledge. Assuming the truth of this hypothesis, "attainment unto the divine Presence" is in this sense obviously possible to no one, inasmuch as this revelation is confined to the innermost Essence, unto which no man can attain.

… And were they to say that by "divine Presence" is meant the "Secondary Revelation of God," interpreted as the "Holy Outpouring," this is admittedly applicable to the world of creation, that is, in the realm of the primal and original manifestation of God. Such revelation is confined to His Prophets and chosen Ones, inasmuch as none mightier than they hath come to exist in the world of being. This truth all recognize, and bear witness thereto. These Prophets and chosen Ones of God are the recipients and revealers of all the unchangeable attributes and names of God. They are the mirrors that truly and faithfully reflect the light of God.

(Bahá’u’lláh, Kitab-i-Iqan (The Book of Certitude), 1278 ca. [1861-1862], to Haji Mirza Siyyid Muhammad, great uncle of the Bab (Khal-i-Akbar) -- BH00002)
03

It follows that all things have emanated from God, that is, it is through God that all things have been realized and through Him that the contingent world has come to exist. The first thing to emanate from God is that universal reality which the ancient philosophers termed the "First Intellect" and which the people of Baha call the "Primal Will." This emanation, with respect to its action in the world of God, is not limited by either time or place and has neither beginning nor end, for in relation to God the beginning and the end are one and the same.

(‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Chapter 53, The Connection between God and Creation, 1904 ca. -- AB00876)

Further quotations · supplied wording and references

04

Within a compass of two hundred pages it [the Kitab-i-Iqan] proclaims unequivocally the existence and oneness of a personal God, ... adumbrates and distinguishes between the three stages of Divine Revelation...

GPB.139

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05

There is not then (apart from the Divine Reality) other than one pure receptacle (qabil); but this receptacle itself comes from the Holy Effusion (al-fayd al-aqdas) (that is to say from the principle manifestation, meta-cosmic, where the 'immutable Essences' are Divinely 'conceived' before their apparent projection in the relative existence).

(Ibn 'Arabi, from the Fusus al-Hikam, in T. Burckhardt, The Wisdom of the Prophets, pp. 9-10. Burckhardt cites the Persian Sufi Nur ad-din 'Abd Rahman Jami in explanation: "The Majesty of God (al-haqq) reveals itself in two ways; one of them, which corresponds to the interior revelation, purely intelligible, which the Sufis call the most-saintly Effusion (al-fayd al-aqdas), consists in the self-revelation of God manifesting Himself from all eternity to Himself in the form of archetypes and that which they imply of characters and capacities; the second revelation, is the exterior manifestation, objective, which is called saintly Effusion (al-fayd al-muqaddas); it consists in the manifestation of God by means of the imprint of the same archetypes. This second revelation is consecutive to the first; it is the theatre where the perfections appear, which, according to the first revelation, are virtually contained in the characters and the capacities of the archetypes.")

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06

The creative movement, or, to use the technical terminology of wahdat al-wujud philosophy, the self-manifestation (tajalli) of the Absolute which is activated by the principle of love, emerges for the first time at the stage of ahadiyah and is called the 'most sacred Emanation' (Fayd-i-Aqdas). As the result of this Emanation, the stage of wahidiyah becomes established. The wahidiyah, is the ontological state at which the original absolute Oneness of the reality of existence appears with inner articulations. These inner articulations are called, in accordance with the traditional terminology of theology, divine Names and Attributes. … And the creative or self-manifesting activity of the absolute reality of existence by which this ontological 'descent' is actualized is called the 'sacred emanation' (fayd muqaddas) in distinction from the 'most sacred emanation' by which the ahadiyah develops into wahidiyah.

(Izutsu, "An Analysis of Wahdat al-Wujud", in Creation and the Timeless Order of Things, p. 92: See also Sufism and Taoism, pp. 159-192 and The Concept and Reality of Existence, p.82-83)

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07

The second type of self-manifestation, the tajalli shahadah, ... refers to the phenomenon of the permanent archetypes which form the content of the Divine Consciousness coming out of the stage of potentiality into the outward world of 'reality'. It means the actualization of the archetypes in concrete forms. In distinction from the first type, this second type of self-manifestation is called by Ibn 'Arabi 'the holy emanation' (al-fayd al-muqaddas).

(Izutsu, Sufism and Taoism, p. 43-44)

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08

...in Ibn 'Arabi's world-view, the self-manifestation of the Absolute is a perpetual process whose major stages - (1) the 'most holy emanation', (2) the 'holy emanation', and then (3) the appearance of concrete individual things - go on being actualized one after another like successive, recurrent waves. This ontological process repeats itself indefinitely and endlessly. At every moment, and moment after moment, the same eternal process of annihilation and re-creation is repeated.

(Izutsu, Sufism and Taoism, p. 205)

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09

To the eye of a man who has attained this spiritual stage there arises a scene of extraordinary beauty. He sees all the existent things as they appear in the mirror of the Absolute and as they appear one in the other. All these things interflow and interpenetrate in such a way that they become transparent to one another while keeping at the same time each its own individuality. This is the experience of 'unveiling' (kashf).

(Izutsu, Sufism and Taoism, p. 44)

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For thought and discussion

Questions to carry forward

  1. How do the images of love, light, and outpouring illuminate different aspects of dependence on God?
  2. What distinguishes recognizing a sign of God from claiming to comprehend the divine Essence?
  3. Where do the philosophical accounts converge with the sacred passages, and where should their vocabularies remain distinct?
  4. How might attention to signs in ordinary things alter the way we encounter the world?
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